In this regard, before the intervention, only a few students mentioned that they had heard about comparative genomics (Q5; Figure 4), an important concept that currently is not addressed in science classes (Martins and Tavares, 2018). All authors contributed to the writing of this article and approved the submitted version. PLoS Comput. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that implementing bioinformatics exercises framed within the curriculum was the main concern of the participant teachers. This procedure allowed to ensure that the students responses were not biased by a lack of comprehension of the questionnaire and also to prevent difficulties in deconstructing the answers to open-ended questions during the content analysis. Dates/times will be flexible to meet each team members' needs.) For any questions, please refer to the camp websiteor contact the program director via email. SHURP is a ten-week summer research program primarily for college students belonging to groups that are under-represented in the sciences. Martins, A., Lencastre, L., and Tavares, F. (2018c). To lighten the burden for teachers, a dedicated webpage2 was developed to provide them with resources that introduced the bioinformatics tools and the new concepts to be addressed. Recent reports call for more educational assessments to strengthen the positive impact of bioinformatics-based activities on students scientific and digital literacy, providing a rationale to incorporate bioinformatics in the curriculum (Dudley and Butte, 2009; Campbell and Nehm, 2013; Machluf and Yarden, 2013; Magana et al., 2014; Marques et al., 2014; Machluf et al., 2017). Eccles, J. S., and Wigfield, A. A. Qualitative content analysis in practice. During the practical activities, students from the experimental group explored different start codons and worked with a specific bacteria-dedicated genetic code when using the tool NCBI ORFfinder, which was expected to make them aware of the specifications of the genetic code. 11:578099. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.578099. Rosen, L. D., Carrier, M. L., and Cheever, N. A. The bioinformatics exercises used in this study aimed to train the students on key procedures to identify genes from a genome sequence, as proposed by Martins et al. Ten simple rules for teaching bioinformatics at the high school level. Weber, R. (1990). Remediating high school students misconceptions concerning diffusion and osmosis through concept mapping and conceptual change text. Genetics 178, 11571168. Roughly 9am-5pm M-F with weekend activities. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135153, Ertmer, P. A. A tutorial video1 provides teachers and students with a detailed road map of the sequential bioinformatics resources needed to deconstruct a 2 kb genomic region of Escherichia coli and determine its occurrence across different bacteria taxa and hypothesize about its evolution. Storytelling Camp will take place June . Available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.4501 (Accessed June 23, 2020). Task value is related with the quality of the task, which influences the probability of it being select by an individual. Guided inquiry: Learning in the 21st century. Klymkowsky, M. W., Underwood, S. M., and Garvin-Doxas, R. K. (2010). A popular summer camp is returning to Marietta College in June, giving rising and current high school students a look into a growing and in-demand field. doi: 10.1007/s11165-008-9101-1, Gelbart, H., and Yarden, A. Student teachers thinking processes and ICT integration: predictors of prospective teaching behaviors with educational technology. (1988). Essay contest reveals misconceptions of high school students in genetics content. Week 1: June 12 - June 17. Wefer, S. H., and Sheppard, K. (2008). AUM's A.V. (https://qubeshub.org/groups/genomesolver). PLoS Comput. doi: 10.1177/1049732305276687, Johanson, G. A., and Brooks, G. P. (2010). Programa de Biologia e Geologia 11o ou 12oano(s). 26, 195206. 8, 633639. *Correspondence: Ana Martins, asmartins@cibio.up.pt; Fernando Tavares, ftavares@fc.up.pt, Curriculum Applications In Microbiology: Bioinformatics In The Classroom, View all In May 2023, Frontiers adopted a new reporting platform to be Counter 5 compliant, in line with industry standards. edu) if you have questions. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbv113, Machluf, Y., and Yarden, A. Koch, I., and Fuellen, G. (2008). June 27- July 1, 2022: Camp for high schoolers who will be juniors and seniors in Fall 2022. It is consensual that an updated and edifying high school level education requires an attentive revision of the curricula aligned with the challenges of NGSS and capable to meet Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education (Wefer and Sheppard, 2008; Kovarik et al., 2013; National Research Council, 2013; Champagne Queloz et al., 2017). doi: 10.1038/nrg2124, Gelbart, H., Brill, G., and Yarden, A. These data call for further attention and suggest that exercises specifically dedicated to exploring different start codons and distinct genetic codes according to the taxa of interest are needed to successfully overcome these deep-rooted misconceptions. Brief. The results recorded for these two questions (Q4 and Q5) revealed a noticeable lack of knowledge about these concepts as previously described (Kirkpatrick et al., 2002; Mills Shaw et al., 2008; Baumler et al., 2012; Chen and Kim, 2014), which bares implications when trying to use bioinformatics tools. The questionnaire developed was piloted in two high school classes (n = 43 students; Figure 2), which, as recommended by several authors (Treece and Treece, 1982; Connelly, 2008; Johanson and Brooks, 2010), represent slightly over 10% of the universe of students included in the main research study. GeneLab for High Schools (GL4HS) is a four-week, intensive, summer training program for rising high school juniors and seniors hosted by NASA's Ames Research Center (Mountain View, CA). Each year, we recruit a vibrant coho, The Southern Illinois Bridges to the Baccalaureate Program (SI Bridges) is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and provides paid biomedi, During the summer months Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI) provides undergraduates with an opportunity to receive an educational experie, This is a 10-week, paid summer research experience. In this class we will examine the intersection of biology, computer science, and statistics, with special emphasis on the biological aspects. AM is supported by a fellowship from Fundao para a Cincia e Tecnologia FCT (SFRH/BD/112038/2015). Biol. 21, 516. Week 4: July 5 - July 8 (no camp July 3 & 4 due to holiday) Manuscript Revision Week: July 31 - August 4 (Days and times TBD for each team. These exercises were set to meet the curricular requirements for the topic, and given the novelty of bioinformatics for these students (and teachers), guidelines were prepared to provide a comprehensible workflow to address the research questions outlined. Martins, A., and Tavares, F. (2018). eds. In addition, the introduction of bioinformatics at high school enhances the learning of new information through novel technologies and recruits resources used in research laboratories, serving as a stimulus to spark students future interest in scientific careers (Kovarik et al., 2013; Machluf et al., 2017). 0646359, 1444498, 1139269, 0853147, 0827110, 0749544, 0703763, 0701472, 0549302, 0503536, 0456706, 0429048, 0954286, 0728588, 0834096, 1444382, 1037641, 1038809, 1315956, 1506040. 34, 3033. Eccles, J. S. (2005). Brief. Participants of both groups agreed that different bacteria groups have genes in common (Q7.1) and were shown to be aware that not all bacteria genes are identified and characterized, and that genomics information is still missing for many species (Q7.4; Figure 6). An investigation of high school biology textbooks as sources of misconceptions and difficulties in genetics and some suggestions for teaching genetics. Lastly, students from both the control group and the experimental group rated the questionnaire as being objective and easy to understand, which further emphasizes the adequacy of the validated version of the questionnaire. The Bioinformatics Initiative integrates departments and institutions on and off campus for cooperation on large-scale data analysis of human disease at the Graduate School of Medicine and Osaka University Hospital. (2018a) took into account teachers contribution in revising and piloting the proposed educational resources with their students (Figure 2). CBE Life Sci. (2018b). Follow IBP: A teaching model for biotechnology and genomics education. These two questions were conceived having in mind that in high school, it is commonly taught that there is a unique start codon, a misconception that is reinforced in most textbooks. This summer coding bootcamp from Drexel Biomedical Engineering will teach you everything from programming basics to data analysis. Sang, G., Valcke, M., Braak, J.van, and Tondeur, J. Drug-resistant tuberculosis. Technol. Res. More than suggesting an enrichment of students scientific toolbox and the development of thinking skills, the intervention seems to narrow the gap between students school reality and what are common research practices nowadays, which is consistent with the educational benefits of bioinformatics reported in the literature (Gelbart and Yarden, 2006; Flanagan, 2013; Wood and Gebhardt, 2013). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. This is a hands-on summer research program for students interested in pursuing a career in biomedical research. Microbiol. The University of Maine Early College Program, in partnership with University of Maine Cooperative Extension, will offer a four-credit summer program in outdoor leadership for high school students at the 4-H Camp and Learning Center at Greenland Point in Princeton, Maine. Postdocs/PhD students. Ages 4-17. Students will get an opportunity to work with biological datasets, perform authentic research and contribute to an ongoing research project. As expected, students considered the practical work using digital tools important, engaging and motivating, raising their intrinsic interest (Q9.1, Q9.1.1; Figure 6). At PROJECT BIOTECH, students will experience: Hands-on lab and bioinformatics activities. Students were shown to be aware that bioinformatics tools are essential to molecular biology studies (Q6.4), in both the pre- and post-test (Figure 4). Educ. CBE Life Sci. Johnson, B., and Christensen, L. B. Give research opportunities to 8th-12th grade students beyond the school setting. Health Res. Furthermore, introducing comparative genomics in their learning practices contributed for a better understanding of curricular contents regarding the identification of genes, their regulation, and how to make evolutionary assumptions. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbt030, Madlung, A. CBE Life Sci. Computers and teachers. 11, 8193. 6 - 7 WiSE Fun with DNA entering gr. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1095, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., and Lipman, D. J. MEMPHIS, Tenn. (WMC) - The Peer Power Foundation has announced a fun and free opportunity for high school students across the Mid-South this summer. Adv. 14, 648660. J. Sci. Table 1. This program allows undergraduate, The Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology Department at OHSU's Summer Research Internship Program for Undergrads. As Director, I am happy to invite your participation in the Common Themes in Reproductive Diversity (CTRD) training program at Indiana University . 69, 707719. 53, 109132. Schreier, M. (2012). The sample studied included a group of 387 students and 11 teachers from five public and private schools in Porto and Lisboa, Portugal. SIMR is an 8-week summer internship program open to high school juniors and seniors. Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), a member of The Claremont Colleges, offers summer programs for: Undergraduate/recent college graduates. (2010). Educ. Terms of Use. Kuhlthau, C. C., Caspari, A. K., and Maniotes, L. K. (2007). Scholarships will be awarded on the basis of the responses on the application form (applicants will be required to write two short essays and answer one additional question). Biol. Students knowledge toward bioinformatics, gene regulation, and genomics. Students will learn foundational knowledge and Nucleic Acids Res. As it is well-known, nowadays, youths are particularly at ease with digital resources (Rosen et al., 2010; Quinn and Oldmeadow, 2013), and indeed, students from both the experimental and the control groups admitted that they often take advantage of the technologies at their disposal in their autonomous study outside the classroom (Q8.1; Figure 6). 20, 398404. (2012). Restriction enzymes may be needed in this procedure, which was the most frequently recorded notion in the experimental group, and that it is possible to Use the genetic code to identify the codons in a DNA sequence, which was the most frequently recorded notion in the control group. 13, 607623. SHURP is one of the summer research programs . The post-test content analysis for the answers to Q2.1 revealed that 47.7% of the students in the control group did not mention any of the expected answers, 9.0% mentioned one of the expected answers, 41.8% mentioned two expected notions, and 1.5% mentioned all three expected notions. Res. Diagnostic of students misconceptions using the Biological Concepts Instrument (BCI): a method for conducting an educational needs assessment. Be able to annotate genes in terms of both structure and function. Figure 2. The control group included classes exclusively exposed to the first two parts of the intervention, i.e., the introductory lectures about the scientific questions and the bioinformatics databases and resources (Figure 2 workflow I and II). Everyone can do it?. Having in mind we are now living in the post-genomic era, these reflections are crucial for students to get acquainted with genomics data sharing and to become aware of the social benefits and ethical implications of open access data (Foster and Sharp, 2007; Oliver et al., 2012). doi: 10.12973/eurasia.2015.1369a, Hsieh, H. -F., and Shannon, S. E. (2005). 8 Forensic Detectives Be able to use web tools such as BLAST, MUSCLE, and MEGA6 to examine DNA and protein sequences and to explain in general terms how they work. The questionnaire used in this study included demographic characterization of the participants and items to assess students knowledge, interest, and attitudes. Students with camp certificates will be qualified to become miRcore volunteers. Bioinformatics education in high school: implications for promoting science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers. virtual program details. Zooming in the answers to identify the reported misuse of gene and genomics in an interchangeable way evidences a significant difference between the control and the experimental groups. The difference observed in this regard between the experimental and control groups (31.0% of the experimental group, 22.0% of the control group) may be explained by the fact that students in the experimental group carried out a set of bioinformatics exercises using the mentioned resources and used bioinformatics platform for comparative genomics, contrarily to their counterparts in the control group. The course was heavily subscribed and 12 students (4 boys and 8 girls) were enrolled on a first-come basis. Int. Social networking use among 9- to 13-year-olds and belonging. All programs will be closed on Tuesday, July 4, 2023. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Punch, K. F. (2009). (2010). This allowed to prevent students from becoming overwhelmed by the wide plethora of choices of links and commands available in the platforms mentioned before. 34, 180186. Making authentic science accessible-the benefits and challenges of integrating bioinformatics into a high-school science curriculum. SPSSsurvival guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows. Undergradu, The Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics and Ma'ayan Laboratory's Summer Research Training Program in Biomedical Big Data Science is a research inten, The Space Life Sciences Training Program (SLSTP) provides undergraduate students entering their junior or senior years, and entering graduate students, Are you interested in data science and passionate about brain health? This percentage dropped to 1.7% in the experimental group (Figure 5), indicating the positive impact of bioinformatics laboratories on students knowledge. Figure 1. Despite several initiatives to introduce bioinformatics in the classroom, there is still a lack of knowledge on their impact on students' learning gains, engagement, and motivation. What is bioinformatics? Int. Discovering and understanding the wonders of nature. A critical analysis of assessment quality in genomics and bioinformatics education research. Bioinform. Fifty two students and about 30 parents joined the seminar. These topics are also comprised in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS; National Research Council, 2013). Introduction. Dev. Through this program students will have the opportunity to experience graduate-level coursework, and learn the latest cutting-edge research, tools and . It focuses on the isolation, characterization, and DNA sequence analyses of genes from the duckweed species, Landoltia punctata. Educ. To mitigate possible bias effects, the control group classes were from the same schools, from the same education levels, and taught by the same teachers as the experimental group classes. PI: Deborah Lang, Department of Dermatology. As comparative genomics was a notion new to students, it was not conditioned by their previous perceptions, contrary to what happened with the concepts of genetics and genomics. VIRTUAL SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE! To implement bioinformatics-based activities as a successful didactic instrument, it is crucial to engage both teachers and students in the selection of the activities to ensure that these are meaningful and adjusted to the curricular contents (Marques et al., 2014). Currently, the Portuguese biology curricula for the 11th and 12th grades include contents related with DNA and protein synthesis (for example, transcription, translation, and start and stop codons), as well as evolution (Mendes et al., 2003), and genetic expression (Mendes et al., 2004). Still, in the post-test, there was a slight increment in the percentage of students who agree with this statement, suggesting that they confirmed their previous idea about the role of bioinformatics in molecular biology. 70, 394400. School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Bioinform. Variety of camps: golf, tennis, ice hockey, and figure skating. Biol. Phenom, Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine invites undergraduate, graduate and medical students to p, The JAX Diversity Action Plan (DAP) Post-Baccalaureate Program in Genomics (gDAP) will focus on research training opportunities and career development, The SRF Postbaccalaureate Fellowship Program offers recent graduates a gap year option where they can strengthen their research and communication skil, This program offers an opportunity to join a cohort of new researchers for a full year of research training in a supportive environment with personali, The Post-Baccalaureate Research Program (PREP) at the School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts University School of Medicine offers research tr, If you are a student with a strong interest in infectious diseases, this program offers you a bench science experience in any one of a number of resea, UNC PREP (Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program) is specifically designed to equip and encourage students interested in pursuing a PhD in the B, The Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program at the American Museum of Natural History provides training to postdoctoral investigators to carry out a, The Postdoctoral Enrichment Program (PDEP) provides a total of $60,000 over three years to support the career development activities for underrepresen, The goal of our UCSC/CSUMB IRACDA program is to prepare postdocs with the foundation for a successful career in academia by providing rigorous researc, The Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Research Training (BIRT) Program is a consortium of leading informatics laboratories at Harvard. A. J. Elliot and C. S. Dweck (New York: The Guilford Press), 105121. This is particularly evident regarding comparative genomics, a completely new notion for the majority of the students, which was mentioned by 6.6% of the experimental group students and only by 1.1% of the control group students. (2017). (2009). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. We will cover various acting methods to help students develop their own personal process for character development. A set of bioinformatics-based activities previously proposed by Martins et al. Nat. AM, MJF, and FT designed the research plan. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386491-8.00009-8, Lewis, J., and Kattmann, U. 7, 155162. This was a particularly relevant outcome that allows to dismiss the common misconception that bioinformatics analysis always requires programing skills. 2018 Institute for Broadening Participation contactus@ibparticipation.org Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. The questionnaire was structured according to three main dimensions: knowledge, interest, and attitudes. Needs assessment in genomic education. Math. BSSP applicants must meet the following criteria: 1) be a rising senior in high school (i.e. Educ. PLoS One 12:e0176906. : a plea for theory bridging. Bioinformatics tools mentioned by students to unveil genes from bacterial genomics sequences. Payment scheduling is available with a deposit of $50 per child, per session. Please contact Dr. Wang (fusheng . Cambridge, Mass, United States: Harvard University Press. doi: 10.1080/00219266.2011.634019, Form, D., and Lewitter, F. (2011). Integrating bioinformatics in elementary and secondary education: teachers perceptions in 3rd International Conference on Teacher Education (INCTE); May 45, 2018 (Bragana: Instituto Politcnico de Bragana). This year, we will have two online programs: 2-Week Online Summer Program on Biotech & Biosciences: ideal for the students who want to gain college-level exposure to molecular biology, microbiology, virology . It is sup. Biol. 54, 103112. Furthermore, students from both groups recognized that genebanks are open-access resources (Q6.1; 81.2% of the experimental group, 59.0% of the control group) and generally accessible to all citizens (Q6.2; 78.8% of the experimental group, 62.1% of the control group), suggesting an enhanced perception of what comprises a bioinformatics scientific toolbox and of their empowerment to access it (Figure 4). In this regard, the control group was taught only through expositive teaching (Figure 2 workflow I and II), and the experimental group was exposed to the same lectures as the control group plus the practical component (Figure 2 workflow IIV). J. Biol. July 1620, 2018 (Barcelona: Hands-on Science Network), 309317. Advancing science. As the bioinformatics laboratories entailed the recruitment of bioinformatics resources particularly suited to access large datasets and address evolutionary inferences through synteny maps, these results highlight the direct impact of the intervention, which sustains identical results detailed in other studies (Luscombe et al., 2001; Kremer et al., 2005). The Intramural Research Program(IRP) is the in-house research program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (N, The Science Mentorship Institute, each summer, provides a research mentorship program in neuroscience with the aim to bridge the barrier in science re, The purpose of the Greehey Childrens Cancer Research Institutes Undergraduate Summer Internship Program is to allow talented undergraduate students, NeuroLab is a multi-lesson, storyline-based instructional unit that links student questions about a rare and unusual movement disorder (the anchoring, Hands-on research in Genomics and Computational Biology will bring participants recruited nationally from underrepresented groups to the University of, These fellowships support undergraduate students from groups traditionally underrepresented in biomedical research to perform 10 weeks of research rel, Interns in this geographically-distributed REU program have the opportunity to participate in research using the Rosetta Commons software. Singapore J. Educ. Several diagnostic instruments are available, in published research studies, that can be used to obtain guidelines for specific interventions to address these misconceptions (Klymkowsky et al., 2010; Tsui and Treagust, 2010; Gurel et al., 2015). The Summer Program for Undergraduate Research (SPUR) at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) provides participants from across the country with sign, Advanced Computational Research Experience for Students (ACRES) is a paid 10-week paid summer Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) in computat, Over twenty plant genomics researchers at Michigan State University collaborate on this NSF funded summer training program for students enrolled in u, Montana State University's centers of excellence, the Thermal Biology Institute (TBI) and the Center for Biofilm Engineering (CBE), in Bozeman, Montan, Experience careers that explore solutions for climate change, biodiversity loss, natural resources management, and urban life through the Center for T, Each summer, 20 undergraduates from around the United States participate in research fellowship opportunities at MDI Biological Laboratory. In what concerns the qualitative data, a thematic content analysis of the participants responses to open-ended questions was performed with the purpose of producing a systematic description of the meaning of specific information gathered through the definition of coding categories (Schreier, 2012). Despite the various initiatives across Europe to support teachers and students to integrate bioinformatics-based approaches in their classes, these remain sporadic and are still not implemented consistently. Qual. The observations showed that students were completely able to manage the platforms and did not feel the need to use printed out guidelines. 7:e1002243. The BU Bioinformatics MS Program and the Genome Science Institute are pleased to announce the matching of this summer's investigators and MS students for the Bioinformatics Masters Summer Internship Program. (2012). Application and letter of recommendation required. They also visited an electron microscope facility, a micro-CT facility, and Biken History Museum. Starting June 5 and ending June 29, Peer Power is presenting a summer camp for rising 9th-12th grade students at the University of Memphis, specifically in . Summer Applications are Open! Data gathered through open-ended questions and dichotomous variables were analyzed using Chi-square and the McNemar tests, respectively, and considering the phi coefficient as the effect size measure (Pallant, 2007). 9 or World alum ent. Kirkpatrick, G., Orvis, K., and Pittendrigh, B. Before starting with the in silico laboratories, the teachers work through basic and already known concepts, such as genome, genes, start codons, stop codons, and operons with the class, and introduce new notions, such as Open Reading Frames (ORFs), synteny, and comparative genomics (Figure 1; Martins and Tavares, 2018). doi: 10.1080/02635140308340. Conversely, misconceptions related with gene structure and the features of the genetic code did not seem to be overcome following the activities. Students will learn how to perform computational biology research using clinical data to identify genes related to certain diseases. In this study, the intrinsic/interest value (i.e., expected enjoyment of engaging in the task), the utility value (i.e., possible rewards from the task), and the cost of engaging in the activities were the dimensions considered when analyzing the students answers. At this stage, i.e., in the post-test, a new notion was identified, with the experimental group students associating comparative genomics with the Comparison of genomes of two or more species aiming to investigate phylogenetic relations (6.7%). The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. doi: 10.1525/abt.2014.76.6.6, Tekkaya, C. (2003). Meas. By the end of the activities, students were also shown to be more aware of the applications and potential of bioinformatics. Following the intervention (i.e., post-test), when the participants were asked to Indicate which bioinformatics platforms [they] used (Q8.5), 16.7% of the students in the control group failed to mention any of the expected resources used during the intervention, namely, NCBI, NCBI ORFfinder, NCBI BLAST, and MaGe. 9:e1003089. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. In this regard, bioinformatics is in a privileged position, due to the transdisciplinary approach it entails, by seeking a level of integration of different disciplines, such as biology, computer science, and mathematics, beyond the mere interdisciplinary relationship between them. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005872, Magana, A. J., Taleyarkhan, M., Alvarado, D. R., Kane, M., Springer, J., and Clase, K. (2014). Students knowledge, interest, and attitudes toward the integration of bioinformatics in science curricula. Interesting remarks on the participants engagement and interaction can be made based on the observations carried out during the implementation of the activities.
Dresden To Frankfurt Flight, 2003 Chevy Silverado Extended Cab Running Boards, Bahama Blanket Pattern, Schwalbe Nobby Nic 29x2,25, 2011 Gmc Sierra Denali Front Bumper, Chesapeake Bay Candle Snuggly Sweater, How To Use Glopro Microneedling Tool, Used Seats For 2000 Chevy Silverado, Vintage Vw Repair Near Haguenau, Siemens Ultrasound Probes, Callaway 2022 Chrome Soft Truvis Shamrock Golf Balls, Marriott Barbados Menu, Japanese Powder Candy,