Ive had a couple of days with zero intrusive thoughts and zero spikes of fear, and theyve all been days I was taking 12 18g inositol. Moreover, with a meager number of 70 total participants in anxiety trials, it is nearly impossible to completely write-off inositol as ineffective. The common isomers are known as myo-inositol and D chiro-inositol. For this study, 20 women with PCOS were given either a placebo or 6 grams of D-chiro-inositol once daily for six to eight weeks. April 22, 2022 / FAQ. This simple 3-step plan can help you lose weight fast. Inositol is found in a variety of foods, but the highest concentrations are seen in beans, fruits, nuts and grains. To help others get a better understanding of your situation, discuss: the particular brand of inositol that you tested, the duration over which you took (or have been taking) it, as well as how long into your usage you noticed an anxiolytic effect (assuming you noticed one). Knowing the negative effects, like rebound anxiety, and withdraw symptoms of benzos I remained mostly free of any medicine, which may have helped. However, this is one interesting mysterious caveat to this Id like to mention: there WAS one occasion where my ordered inositol became held up in the post for six days, and I ended up going cold turkey without it, BUT symptoms remained very low despite a stressful life event, apparently due to something else I was taking. J Clin Psychiatry. Another small study reported that 6 grams per day improved depression in 9 of 11 participants (23). Although there are some studies to suggest inositol may be helpful in bipolar disease, there is also concern about it possibly causing a manic or hypomanic episode. However, results have not demonstrated an antidepressant effect. Several studies have shown that inositol may be able to reduce the number of panic attacks in those with panic disorders (3, 4). I think there are biological issues that are causing my anxiety and obsessive thinking, and I need to address those before Ill see any big changes. At higher doses of 1218 grams, some mild side effects have been reported. Doses for these purposes are typically 24 grams per day. However, I did get some side-effects from the inositol for a while, after using it for about a months tingly hands and feet, sore ringing/pressure in my ears, brain fog, lethargy, tight feeling in my chest etc. It is important to note that this was yet another very small-scale study and results may differ in a larger trial. 2012;15(5):490-5. doi:10.3109/13697137.2011.631063, Concerto C, Chiarenza C, Di Francesco A, et al. Inositol has been shown in very small studies to be helpful for depression and panic disorder, and promising for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders and bipolar disorder. The other experiment involved 3 weeks of 5% dietary inositol administration to rats that were pre-exposed to a cat. Test your anxiety severity with this free 7-minute anxiety test, and see natural treatments depending on your anxiety results. Eventually I learned to cope, and found that breathing techniques and exercise helped tremendously to where I would have ~6 months to a year between attacks. Generally speaking, normalization of hormonal balances translates to an improvement of PCOS symptoms. Summary Inositol plays a role in insulin signaling and may improve the bodys sensitivity to insulin in some cases. Doctors typically prescribe propranolol for heart-related issues, but it can also relieve the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as shaking and sweating. The largest sample in a study of inositol as a treatment for anxiety was 21 patients diagnosed with panic disorder. The 21 individuals received either inositol (12 grams per day) or a placebo and symptoms of panic disorder were measured. Although inositol exists in the form of 9 distinct stereoisomers, the most abundant format within cellular membranes is myo-inositol, accounting for approximately 95% of free inositol within the body. 2001 Jun;21(3):335-9. doi:10.1097/00004714-200106000-00014, Wozniak J, Faraone SV, Chan J, Tarko L, Hernandez M, Davis J, Woodworth KY, Biederman J. How quickly does inositol work? Taking Lamictal (Lamotrigine) For Anxiety Disorders: Does It Help? Initially, I had tried things like depakote, zoloft, effexor, benzos after the incident to cope. Caitilin Kelly, MD, is a clinical physician at Indiana University Health Bloomington Hospital and is board-certified in internal medicine. While research is limited, some studies suggest that inositol might have the potential to reduce symptoms of bipolar disorder. Inositol is a carbohydrate found in the body and food. Many people find when they boost their inositol levels they significantly reduce ruminating, obsessive and anxious thoughts. Problems with insulin sensitivity may be one of the causes of reduced fertility in women with PCOS. It is unlikely that dietary inositol intake (even if chronic) is capable of providing sufficient inositol for anxiolytic efficacy. 7 How many mg is inositol a day? Another small study published in the journal Menopause suggested that myo-inositol may aid in the treatment of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. However, these symptoms can be improved by reducing the dosage. Summary Inositol can affect the neurotransmitters in your brain, including serotonin. Doses for insulin sensitivity and fertility are usually much lower than those used for neurological conditions like anxiety disorders and depression (4, 13). There is evidence to suggest inositol has benefits for metabolic disorders that contribute to the development of high blood pressure, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Role of inositols and inositol phosphates in energy metabolism. Since inositol elicits an array of other neurophysiologic effects (e.g. Insulin resistance, a problem with your bodys ability to respond to insulin, is considered one of the key factors associated with conditions like metabolic syndrome (8). Neuronal signaling: Inositol may generate substantial anxiety relief via its ability to enhance intracellular signaling. However, research suggests that 42% of individuals diagnosed with eating disorders suffered from an anxiety disorder prior to the manifestation of their eating disorder. Due to its effects on neurotransmitters in the brain, inositol has been explored as a treatment for depression. Serotonergic mediation: Serotonin is well-documented to play a role in development of some mood disorders and anxiety nearly everyone is familiar with the [neurobiologically myopic] serotonin hypothesis. Inositol: Benefits, Side Effects, Dosage, and Interactions. It has various chemical forms which resemble the molecule of sugar inside a body. 1. Cooking or freezing fruits and vegetables reduces their inositol content. Another possible side-effect if it IS true that inositol inhibits absorption of other minerals; it might depend on which form of inositol it is specifically is that every month I become low in iron due to heavy blood loss, and it seems harder to restore normal levels of iron. Perhaps another study should be conducted with a placebo control and/or with a washout period (e.g. Administration of inositol may pack the biggest pharmacodynamic punch (in terms of attenuating anxiety) by mediating the serotonin system. Additionally, inositol appears to offer several health benefits for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including improving menstrual function and fertility. Essentially two months of non stop hyperventilating. For this study, researchers recruited 21 individuals diagnosed with panic disorder (with or without comorbid agoraphobia). It is also sold in supplement form and used as a complementary therapy to treat a wide range of medical conditions, including metabolic and mood disorders. For this study, researchers recruited 13 individuals diagnosed with OCD and set up a double-blind, controlled crossover design. The biggest drawbacks are that its efficacy is questionable and that high-dosages are typically required for therapeutic relief. According to the research, women assigned to six months of myo-inositol supplements experienced significantly greater improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol levels than women provided a placebo. So I ordered both inositol and ZMA. I take the powdered Swanson form, stirred into a drink, usually 6g 3 times a day or so (18g daily total), and its had a very definite effect. Additionally, although inositol mediates serotonergic activation within nerve cells, it is believed to affect pathways distinct from those affected by SSRIs. Perhaps future studies should opt for longer-term inositol administration. 2017;18(10):2187. doi:10.3390/ijms18102187, Don G, Sabbadin C, Fiore C, Bragadin M, Giorgino FL, Ragazzi E, Clari G, Bordin L, Armanini D. Inositol administration reduces oxidative stress in erythrocytes of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. 3 For many people with PCOS, inositol-based therapies may lead to weight loss. They set up a double-blind, controlled, random-order crossover study in which 20 patients participated over a 2-month span. Side effects are loose stools, and slight headache. 1995;152(5):792-794. doi:10.1176/ajp.152.5.792, Palatnik A, Frolov K, Fux M, Benjamin J. Double-blind, controlled, crossover trial of inositol versus fluvoxamine for the treatment of panic disorder. 2015;2015(12):CD011507. Still feel pretty great comparatively. Authors mentioned that although inositol demonstrates preliminary efficacy for the treatment of anxiety in animal models, as well as humans, further research is warranted. That said, many users report therapeutic relief with lower dosages than 12 grams, therefore, it may be wise to start with a small dosage and titrate upwards until you attain an anxiolytic effect. 2014;29(1):55-63. doi:10.1002/hup.2369, Unfer V, Facchinetti F, Orr B, Giordani B, Nestler J. Myo-inositol effects in women with PCOS: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Other research in women with gestational diabetes has also shown benefits of inositol for insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control (11). Therefore, it has been studied for its potential health benefits. I take 2 capsules in the evening and two in the morning and each capsule is 500mg so you're taking about a quarter of what the dose I see most often is. SSRIs seemed to have a negative effect, where I would have strong ideation and thoughts of suicide, something I have never, not once, had aside from my time on the medication, which led me to stop all medications except for Benzos PRN. Adderall Tolerance: Causes & How To Prevent It, Inositol Side Effects & Adverse Reactions (List), Pantoprazole (Protonix) vs. Omeprazole (Prilosec), Lexapro (Escitalopram) vs. Prozac (Fluoxetine), Pregabalin (Lyrica) vs. Gabapentin (Neurontin). Due to its many functions, future research will likely continue to investigate inositols significance for health and medical applications. Effexor (Venlafaxine) For Anxiety Disorders: An Effective Anxiolytic? Update from above, I used 6g 3x daily for a few weeks, and didnt really see any difference. After being provided a daily 18-gram dose of myo-inositol for four weeks, the participants were given a daily 150-mg dose of Luvox (fluvoxamine)a commonly prescribed psychiatric drugfor the four weeks. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Study duration: In addition to the general design of various inositol studies, many fail to consider that the duration of most studies is relatively short. Cantaloupe, oats, bran, and citrus fruits (other than lemons) are especially rich in myo-inositol. Panic disorder is diagnosed in people who experience sudden panic attacks and are preoccupied with the fear of a recurring attack. Effects of d-chiro-inositol in lean women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Though there are several forms, inositol in supplements usually refers to the molecule myo-inositol, which makes up over 90% of the inositol content in your cells (31, 32). Some research also suggests it may have some benefits for panic disorder and bipolar disorder, but this evidence is limited and further research is needed. social phobia, panic disorder, OCD, etc.). 2023;45(2):1762-1778. doi:10.3390/cimb45020113, Crawford TJ, Crowther CA, Alsweiler J, Brown J. Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes. It's often referred to as vitamin B8, but it is not actually a vitamin. Serotonin is one important neurotransmitter affected by inositol. It has been suggested that inositol might influence depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders by impacting "feel-good" hormones serotonin and dopamine. 3 months, due to fairly severe OCD symptoms. It is possible that anxiolysis associated with inositol stems from its ability to alter gating characteristics and/or pharmacology of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. 2017;6(8):647-658. doi:10.1530/EC-17-0243, Chiappelli J, Rowland LM, Wijtenburg SA, et al. Anyway, I decided to try the inositol first. The amount of inositol necessary for symptomatic attenuation may be contingent upon several factors including: specific inositol brand administered, its bioavailability, whether an individual is taking other medications or supplements, dietary inositol intake, etc. 650 mgs. Some supplements can have powerful effects. Obviously this anecdotal and maybe even a placebo effect, though not even benzos made me feel like I do after the inositol I took tonight. I have been diagnosed with so many mental health issues, including bipolar, seizures, GAD, psychoses, you name it, its what I supposedly have. These primarily consist of stomach pains, upset stomach and flatulence (1, 27). I am also taking L-theanine 200mg a night. Perhaps an important limitation to mention associated with this study (that wasnt discussed by authors) is the generalization of anxiety disorders. Simply clustering OCD, PTSD, and panic disorder together is misleading in that inositol may be more effective for one particular subtype of anxiety disorder compared to another. Adequate inositol levels are associated with favorable health, whereas deficiencies have been linked to a myriad of psychiatric conditions including: ADHD, depression, insomnia and perhaps most strongly anxiety disorders. A study published by Gelber, Levine and Belmaker in 2001 entitled Effect of inositol on bulimia nervosa and binge eating examined inositols therapeutic efficacy as a treatment for disordered eating habits. Therefore, by starting low and titrating upwards, you can find the optimal dose for anxiolytic relief without jumping to a dosage (or range) that is potentially too potent for your physiology. In attempt to elucidate the therapeutic efficacy of inositol for the treatment of anxiety disorders (and anxious symptoms) it is necessary to examine the available scientific literature investigating it as a potential anxiolytic agent. It is well-understood that small sample sizes may not accurately portray the anxiolytic efficacy of a substance like inositol in the general population. This is due to the fact that results from most inositol research is mixed; some studies suggest that it works, while others document no clinically significant effect. Various benefits include: its efficacy for depression, few contraindications, minimal side effects, and its unique mechanism of action (pharmacodynamics). A 2016 pilot study published in the International Journal of Endocrinology reported that people with type 2 diabetes givenmyo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol daily along with their anti-diabetes drugs had a significant drop in their fasting blood glucose (192.6 mg/dL down to 160.9 mg/dL) and A1C (8.6% down to 7.7%) after three months. It's often referred to as vitamin B8, but it is not actually a vitamin. All four reported significant benefits in 1-4 weeks. This means that you could end up trying inositol thinking itll work only to derive no benefit. They havent come back, provided I always take the inositol with a little magnesium. Cheers! Approximately 2 months ago, I had a severe panic attack, in which I had a heart rate of 173 for several minutes, went to ER, cardiologist, neruologist, and SVT and other serious issues were ruled out. Correlations with metabolic disorders, Inositol administration reduces oxidative stress in erythrocytes of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, Lowering the risk of metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for a number of conditions including increased belly fat, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar, Helping the body regulate and process insulin, Reducing the risk of gestational diabetes. Since all studies are small-scale, may have issues with their design, and may be studying different subtypes of anxiety theres inadequate evidence to support or dismiss inositols anxiolytic properties. I took one gram, two 500mg chewable tablets. D-chiro-inositol, inositol hexaphosphate (often referred to as "IP6"), and the compoundmyo-inositol are themost widely used inositol supplements. I was given beta blockers by my neurologist who hypothesized that I was having migraines which were triggering tachycardia, which seemed plausible because every episode of rapid heart rate and anxiety was preceded or accompanied by a lot of pressure in my head. Benefits have been seen in individuals with metabolic syndrome, women at risk for gestational diabetes and women with PCOS. I had severe negative thoughts basically every minute or two, primarily concerning my health, or other issues in my life. Inositol may not improve symptoms in those taking medication or those who dont respond to standard medication. Years later researchers realized that the human body is capable of manufacturing sufficient inositol on its own, leading to a retraction of its status as vitamin B8; it is no longer considered an essential nutrient. Researchers set up a double-blind, crossover design for 10 patients that had been diagnosed with OCD. It should be speculated that mediation of serotonergic activation within nerve cells is the principal mechanism by which it alleviates anxiety. I just need to find a way of integrating taking it into my day and with the other things I eat/take, for the long term. Until a larger study is published, evidence of inositols anxiolytic efficacy will remain relatively ambiguous. Since inositol may improve insulin sensitivity, it has been studied as a potential treatment (14). Even with supplements, anemia symptoms persist. It all started when I was 24 years old, had an extremely high fever, with a stiff neck. From the first dose of 650 mg, I noticed how calm my thoughts became, I was very relaxed for the first time in 27 years. Inositol is a carbohydrate that is found naturally in your body and certain foods. Side effects, if any, tend to be mild and may include nausea, stomach pain, tiredness, headache, and dizziness. I dont take any kind of prescription medication, as although I dont have any problem with it, I dont think theres particularly good evidence that the substances I would be prescribed for my OCD here in the UK would actually help me get my symptoms down to a low level. However, this provides evidence to suggest that inositol may be a viable non-pharmaceutical alternative for the treatment of OCD. Clinical research suggests that effective doses of inositol for the treatment of anxiety range between 12 and 18 grams per day. It appears that theres more than one way to influence inositol and serotonin levels in my body, and it could have been via gut bacteria, maybe. Researchers of inositol have discovered that following administration, inositol is metabolized into a substance that mediates 5-HT (serotonin) activation within nerve cells. Neurons are understood to interact with surface proteins and other receptor complexes by sending out specific, targeted signals. 2019;10:1172. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01172, Chatree S, Thongmaen N, Tantivejkul K, Sitticharoon C, Vucenik I. Obsessive compulsive symptoms were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Some research indicates that inositol might play a part in the development of certain mental health conditions, although the exact mechanisms are not clear and more research is needed. Are there any dangers associated with taking inositol? 1999: A study published in 1999 by Fux, Benjamin, and Belmaker investigated the efficacy of inositol as an antidepressant augmentation strategy compared to a placebo for the treatment of OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder). May stop that now. There are several forms of inositol, but most supplements contain myo-inositol. 2014: In 2014, Mukai et al. Overall, research has found that inositol supplements may improve menstrual cycle regularity, ovulation and pregnancy rates in women with PCOS (19, 20, 21). A number of studies have investigated the use of inositol as an add-on treatment alongside selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are used to treat a variety of depressive and anxiety disorders. I dont stack the inositol with choline, as is commonly done, because choline seems to make me worse (I hear other people with OCD have reported this too). It is also referred to as vitamin B8. It has a calming, non-tranquilizer effect which can improve sleep, depression, and OCD. Inositol can be used to produce molecules that are involved in insulins action in your cells (9). While inositol is generally believed to be safe for adults, it may cause some side effects, particularly at higher doses. organ meats, fruits, nuts, seeds, beans, etc. The quantity obtained from food can vary from less than 1 gram up to several grams, depending on the composition of your diet (26). They are generally considered safe if taken appropriately. I feel that this could be overcome by perhaps taking the inositol at different times of the day to iron-rich meals, or only taking it before bed, etc., but so far I havent quite managed to sort out the correct timing of this (its quite frustrating! 2012;166(4):703-10. doi:10.1530/EJE-11-0840, By Kendra Cherry, MSEd One study in 20 people with panic disorders found that 18 grams of inositol each day reduced the number of weekly panic attacks by 4 more than the reduction of 2.4 per week seen in individuals on anxiety medication (4). Hum Psychopharmacol. Endocrine Practice. It seems to help me from obsessing with worry, and negative thoughts. Today I have had pretty severe anxiety, which was my norm as of late. The benefits have mostly been seen in people with panic disorder in whom depression is common. 1995: An early study entitled, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of inositol treatment for panic disorder was published in 1995 by Benjamin et al. . Participants were slated to receive either 18 grams of inositol (per day) or a placebo (daily) for 6 weeks, followed by the opposite for an additional 6 weeks. To recap what I took today, for fellow anxiety suffers: ~0800 Here are 15 effective ways to relieve stress and anxiety. Actually being able to let a thought go feels magical when youve suffered years of OCD), it makes it harder to experience sudden spikes of extreme panic when an intrusive thought hits. (1996) entitled, Inositol treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder investigated its therapeutic efficacy among those with OCD. There are many benefits associated with using inositol for anxiety disorders. Staunch inositol supporters may automatically conclude that inositol is universally effective for anxiety disorders based on early research with larger sample sizes. Vitamin B8 (Inositol) Clinical Research Inositol to Treat Panic Attacks Vitamin B8 (Inositol) for Depression Vitamin B8 (Inositol) for OCD Vitamin B8 (Inositol) Recommended Dosage whoreshasha 2 yr. ago Yes, thanks for the info! Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Not everyone will necessarily require large doses of inositol to attain an therapeutic anxiolytic benefit. It also affects the hormone insulin and the function of chemical messengers in your brain. Preliminary evidence implies that inositol is likely effective, especially for the treatment of panic disorder, and possibly for the treatment of OCD. Endocr Connect. Inositol may have some positive effects for depression, but it is important to note that the evidence remains inconclusive. It should be speculated that decreases in anxiety resulting from inositol may be directly associated with its degree of therapeutic efficacy for eating disorders. Additionally, the number of studies that support inositols anxiolytic efficacy outnumber those that document its lack of efficacy (6 to 3). For the second month of treatment, the 20 patients received fluvoxamine (Luvox) at a dosage of 150 mg per day. Inositol--Vitamin B8--has been found to reduce depression, hostility, tension and fatigue. We all are aware of the fact that serotonergic-based agents (e.g. Start The Test How Does L-Theanine Work? Have recommended 18 grams per day of inositol to 4 different people for panic attacks. I have been experiencing anxiety on and off my whole life, and depression too, but more recently Ive been dealing with a LOT of intrusive OCD type thoughts. Perhaps endogenously manifesting panic attacks would benefit from the single 20-gram dose. Manufacturers recommend the following doses for supporting individual conditions: Widely available for purchase online, inositol supplements can also be found in natural foods stores and stores specializing in dietary supplements. In addition to providing superior efficacy, the inositol was associated with a superior side effect profile. I didnt change the type, dosage or anything else of the inositol; I just added magnesium. Also document whether youre taking inositol as a standalone treatment, as a pharmaceutical adjunct, and/or as part of a supplement stack.. 4. Upon review of the available literature investigating inositols anxiolytic efficacy, we must conclude that inositol may be therapeutic for those with anxiety. If I try to re-jig the inositol by lowering dosage or only taking a little once a day, my OCD symptoms seem to shoot up in severity again. 2015;40(9):2157-2164. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.57, Levine J, Barak Y, Gonzalves M, Szor H, Elizur A, Kofman O, Blemaker RH. Myo-inositol was initially isolated by researchers in 1849, and by the mid-1900s, it was discovered to play a critical role in biological processes; hence its [premature] classification as an essential B-vitamin (vitamin B8). Additionally, one should consider that inositol may not be synergistic as an adjunct to an SSRI for OCD. I could be wrong, but from experience consulting with OCD charities, speakers at OCD conferences, support groups and scientific papers, there doesnt seem to be much that would act efficiently and quickly and without counter-productive side-effects in my particular situation. that influence ones arousal and perceived level of anxiety. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Unfortunately, there are some major limitations associated with this study. Nearly all of the largest sample sizes (21, 20, 13, 12) found inositol effective for the treatment of a particular subtype of anxiety. Women with PCOS are at a higher risk of several diseases and can experience infertility issues (15). Results noted that no significant difference was noted between the group receiving the inositol compared to the placebo adjunct. Anxiety Inositol: A Promising Treatment for Panic Disorder Inositol may be beneficial for many anxiety disorders. 2001: Although data from animal studies is relatively low on the evidence pyramid for scientific research, it is not entirely useless. Inositol shows promise in the treatment of metabolic disorders and polycystic ovary syndrome. Neuropsychopharmacol. My experience with inositol over the past 9 days has been very promising. Even pharmaceutical drugs that are approved to treat social phobia are not necessarily effective in treating OCD; and vice-versa. Overview. Research suggests that inositol, or vitamin B8, may have various benefits, such as aiding people with mental health or metabolic conditions. Although this was a small-scale study, it provides some evidence to suggest that high-dose inositol may be superior to an already-established serotonergic agent (SSRI) for the treatment of panic disorder. When treated with myo-inositol, women with metabolic syndrome experienced an 11% drop in diastolic blood pressure, a 20% drop in triglycerides, and a 22% increase in "good" high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Am J Psychiatry. If youve considered taking inositol for an anxiety disorder, it is recommended to consult a medical professional for dosing advice. Premature meta-analysis: The latest 2014 meta-analysis notes that using inositol for anxiety disorders is ineffective, however, it failed to consider that not all subtypes of anxiety disorders may respond to the same treatment. However, much of this research remains inconclusive. Even when given as a dietary supplement, it has a very good safety record. However, other research has shown that adding inositol to standard medication for depression does not improve symptoms more than the medication alone (24). I know there are those who might attribute this to expectation and placebo, but OCD actually isnt known to respond to placebo treatments very well, and the effect on an uncontrollable bodily function (the brain endlessly throwing up repetitive images/words like a broken record) really seems too marked. Therefore, inositol has been explored for its potential to improve the bodys sensitivity to insulin thus, reducing insulin resistance. Failure to consider anxiety subtypes: It is well-known that there are numerous subtypes of anxiety disorders, each of which involves a specific symptom set and subtype-specific neurophysiological footprint (e.g. Ca2+ modulation: Inositol mediates release of Ca2+ into cytoplasm, which could play a direct or indirect role in the mitigation of anxious symptoms.
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