For example the researchers were able to control the location, sleeping time and the participants use of stimulants. Resource summary Evaluation: Dement and Kleitman STRENGTHS Lab experiment control recording device no communication between experimenter and sleeper until after they told dream content weren't told whether they'd been woken up in REM sleep Valid reliable Scientific equipment (EEG and EOG) Valid data Ethics consent DATA Quantative Study Dement And Kleitman - (Sleep And Dreaming) flashcards from Melvyn Ramsamy's class online, or in Brainscape' s iPhone . Here is a transcript of our conversation. I reside in Mumbai and tutor students online. Must be generic. Identify two controls used in the study on sleep and dreaming by Dement and Kleitman. Social Science Psychology Q&A Library Dement and Kleitman topic. controls were in place. Dement and Kleitman, Schachter and Singer, Canli et al, strengths and weaknesses, strengths, -It was tested in a standardized environment, means the research had internal validity - researcher can be more confident that there are fewer confounding variables, -vast amounts of quantitative data, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 339-46 [10] 3.3.2. better than controls (4). REM occurs at regular intervals during the night (2). REM periods increase in length as the night progresses (2). I, Jyotika Varmani, tutor students of Psychology at all levels. [3] 4.1.2. Woken by a bell at various times in the night to assess dream recall. Describing and Evaluating the Research Methodology of A Level Studies - An Illustration. Describe the dream content of one participant. With a camera Kleitman had obtained, Dement and Aserinsky took 16-millimeter movie footage of subjects. Issues & Debates, 3.3.1. A-level Psychology Mind Map on Dement and Kleitman (1954), created by Georgia Stanley on 04/19/2015. He is recognized as the father of modern sleep research, and is the author of the seminal 1939 book Sleep and Wakefulness . neurotransmitters control whether we are asleep or awake. a) Describe the EEG patterns associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. 5 of 9. 1+1 (b) Give one difference between REM sleep and NREM sleep. Results. The study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreaming) involved participants self reports of dreams and the use of equipment to measure REM and NREM. Question 2 : The candidate has . The Dement and Kleitman research exemplifies this as it uses the EEG to measure brain waves and eye movements, this is physiological evidence about brain activity and shows the underlying biological processes such as the link between dream content and eye movement. Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. foot twitches, while dreaming. the Dement and Kleitman (1957) study tell us about REM sleep. This research controlled for ____ variables by using a ____ method which controls extraneous variables in this part of the ____. You can also find all of the past exam questions on Dement and Kleitman's study here. En los aos posteriores, otro de los discpulos de Kleitman, William Dement, fund la "arquitectura del sueo", dividindolo en dos fases enteramente distintas; la fase no-REM (NREM), carente de movimientos rpidos de los ojos, y la fase REM (Dement 1998, S2). Dement and Kleitman laboratory experiment measuring dreaming which people normally do at home (+1) controlling variables is more difficult in the field; (1) e.g. 2 2 marks can be awarded for a relevant conclusion. Give one reason why the conclusions of the study might not be valid. Dement and Kleitman, two very well-known researchers on sleep, hypothesised a connection between REM sleep and dreaming. (1955) They also showed that we have several sleep stages alternating between REM and NREM. e.g. Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative data using the Dement and Kleitman study as an example. 1. This great picture is of Nathaniel Kleitman serving as a subject in one of his own sleep . Describe how the researchers first attempted to measure participants' estimations of REM sleep duration. Dement and Kleitman Hypothesis 1) There is a significant association between REM and reported dreaming. In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleeping and dreaming) an electroencephalograph (EEG) was used to, detect eye movements and brain waves. What is DV- Dement & Kleitman. Study Dement and Kleitman flashcards from Chloe Harvey's Noadswood School class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. was 12.00. 1 mark for correct answer , At random/randomly/equal chance of being either. Are eye movements related to dream, details. Dement and Kleitman measured dream duration and the number of words used . Aserinsky and Kleitman (1955) were first to use an EEG (a machine that detects the activity of nerve muscles) to investigate sleeping and dreaming. The waking times were as follows: 2 were woken at random, 1 was woken 3x in REM sleep and 3x in Non-REM sleep, 1 woken at the whim of the experimenter and 1 was woken at random but told that it was during REM. 2. Explain who would benefit from these applications. In this study the average REM length was 20 mins. Dependent Variables:1.Whether dream recalled 2.Estimate of length of dreaming 3.Content of dream. What does REM mean? Weakness: Did not contain deception which is an ethical issue. It is summarised in the box opposite. 1 mark for naming feature. the study by dement and kleitman (sleep and dreaming) involved participants self reports of dreams and the use of equipment to measure rem and nrem (a)outlineone finding of the relationship between sleep and dreaming [2] (b)giveone reason why the conclusions of the study might not be valid [2] 9. You're going to give him a really long arm, man! Outline two controls which ensured the procedure was the same for each participant. Question 3. The Dement and Kleitman Page Below is a very brief summary of the Dement and Kleitman study. Research Method: Laboratory experiment, but different methods to test each aim. Stages 3 and 4, Slow-Wave Sleep . OCR new AS psychology :) The study by Dement and Kleitman (sleeping and dreaming) 4.0 / 5 based on 5 ratings? Describe how the data were collected in this study. Award 1 mark for the correct statement: Eye movements are more frequent in dreams about distant objects. Psychological measures are required In 1955 - used EEG to measure brain activity and eye movement during sleep We go through several stages of sleep during the night Go in and out of REM and NREM sleep Vivid dreams are more likely to be remember during REM sleep EEG produces chart showing frequency and amplitude of activity changes over time Background: Aserinsky & Kleitman- found ps more likely to remember dreams if woken during periods of REM than other times (non-REM). Electrodes were attached to participants scalp and around the eye area Electrodes By placing electrodes around the eye area the experimenters could record where the participant's eyes were 'looking' whilst they were asleep IV Woken up during REM or NREM sleep Woken up after 5 or 15 minutes DV Describe the data for dream-duration estimates after 5 minutes and 15 minutes of REM. Aserinsky (student of Kleitman) revealed that participants woken from REM sleep were more likely to report a vivid, visual dream than participants that woke up from NREM. (1) Memory for places by doodlers (2.4) better than controls (1.8). Groups and Reading. Strength: Was a field experiment (Had high control over extraneous variables) Weakness: Used deception which is an ethical issue. A: 1. Summary of the procedure for H3: Subjects woken up by the doorbell randomly or specifically by Dement and Kleitman at 5 to 15 minutes into REM sleep. Dement and Kleitman topic. . procedures and controls like matching the levels of aggression pre-study show that it is experimental. 2. Reference. A solution for this book would be to enforce parental consent for books to be read in the classroom. (1) In each case . Three studies: (a) if more dreaming occurs in REM than non-REM sleep (b) if there is a positive correlation between objective length of REM and subjective duration of dreaming Individuals who learn a new task have a significantly higher density of sleep spindles than those in a control group (Gais et al., 2002). control- ps asked to avoid drinking alcohol and/or . Discuss the extent to which the study by Dement and Kleitman is reductionist. hard to implement Dement and Kleitman's controls on waking in the field; (+1) 2 For example, the doorbell made people instantly wake up so that dreams wouldn't be forgotten by slow-woken people. AS and A-level studies . This study had high Reliability as it was a lab experiment with many controls. They recorded their own dream with a hand held tape recorder. Anonymous. True or false: The Dement and Kleitman study was a Field experiment. [2] Most likely: 1. eyes move rapidly (EOG); 2. body relatively inactive (EMG); 3. increased EEG activity; 4. dream more likely. However, social approach studies tend to conduct research 'in the field' . Core study 2: Dement and Kleitman Core study 3: Schachter and Singer Issues, debates and approaches Summary Exam-style questions . One of the problems researchers in sleep had was objectivity and mainly relied on self report which is subject to DCs and falsification of results/SDB. These change with the frequency and amplitude of electrical output from the brain over time. Dement and Kleitman. Dement W, Kleitman N. Cyclic variations in EEG during sleep and their relation to eye movements, body motility, and dreaming. the brains of non-taxi drivers. 3.8.1. until 1950 people thought sleep was a passive activity for our brains. [1] (*this question is from the specimen paper 1 released by CIE) Eye movements are more frequent in dreams about distant objects. You can contact me personally on my e-mail id jyotikapsychology@gmail.com or call/message me on 9892507784 for enquiries. State how Dement and Kleitman chose whether to wake a participant after 5 minutes or after 15 minutes of REM sleep. Detailed summaries of each of the core studies for CIE AS psychology - contains: keywords, background, Aims/hypotheses, sampling methods/participants, experimental design, variables, controls, procedure, findings and evaluative points for each study. [10] 4. Learn faster with spaced repetition. Identify two other applications to everyday life this study . . Dement and kleitman research paper. 1 mark per correct point Independent Variables:1.Whether woken in REM or non-REM sleep 2.Whether woken after 5 or 15 minutes 3.Movement of eyes. 3) Dematt, sterbauer and Spence (smells and facial attractiveness) used a pilot Learn faster with spaced repetition. . Un estudio del Center for Disease Control and Prevention . answer choices. No credit for any actual results. 2) The study by Dement and Kleitman on sleep and dreaming was conducted in a controlled laboratory environment. People may make movements, e.g. Study Dement And Kleitman flashcards from Yasmin Davies-Nash's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. Identify two other applications to everyday life this study could have. Dr. William C. Dement, a professor at the Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, is considered the father of sleep medicine. 3(a) From the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams): Outline one conclusion about eye movement during REM sleep. Th EEG machine produces a chart that shows changes, brain waves in the chart record to indicate the sleep stage a person is in. Outline how the three studies in this research were designed. Identify which one of the following statements is not true of Dement & Kleitman's observations of the relationship between sleep and dreams. Research Methods, 4.1.1. From the study by Dement & Kleitman on sleep, give four characteristics of REM sleep. The answer clearly states an aim of the Dement and Kleitman study, showing sound subject knowledge. . . By Aserinsky's account, Dement ran five overnight sessions for him starting in January 1953. . Correlation is defined as process in which one variable is is related to another that is if one chan. You will need to use the more detailed summary here to revise for the exam. Nathaniel Kleitman (April 26, 1895 - August 13, 1999) was an American physiologist and sleep researcher who served as Professor Emeritus in Physiology at the University of Chicago. 4mo. Empty. [2] Most likely: 1. fDement and Kleitman (1957) REM, and dreams Aim, Interested in understanding whether, 1. [2] 3.8.3. External validity: The extent to which the findings of the study conducted by the researcher can . Assignment 1 - Evaluation practice Write a PEE point evaluating the Dement and Kleitman study (either positively or negatively) for the following points: experimental validity (control of variables) ecological validity (realistic task) external validity (generalisation) ethics reliability (replication, objectivity) free will/determinism debate (a)in the study on sleep and dreaming, dement and 400. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. [2] 3.8. Core study 1: Canli et al. 4(a) In the study by Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreams), the procedure that the researchers first used to measure participants' estimations of REM sleep duration was unsuccessful and had to be revised. . 3. This increases the ability to ____ the research and increases the overall ____ of the research. Psychology; AS; All boards; Created by: VicC; Created on: 04-05-09 13:14; 1. It was later longer in the . [2] (EEG for brainwaves) low voltage (amplitude), fast (high frequency) (EEG as EOG for eye movements) 7 male and 2 female participants, 5 of these studied in detail. Dement and Kleitman - Missing word. aims confirmed through quantitative and qualitative data. [2] 3.8.2. Good control of extraneous variables, raising validity Causal relationships can be determined Standardised procedures raise reliability and allow replication 8 e.g. Dematt (Olfactory Cues) 4.1. Rapid Eye Motion; Rapid Eye Movement; Rapid Electric Motion; Rapid Electric Movement; 1 of 6. There uop dissertation proposal are essay people who disorder the idea that a higher power controls love and that the people who experience love macbeth . In answer to my questions, he spoke about his early interest in sleep studies, the scientists who inspired him and how the study of sleep has evolved over half a century. 2 marks Eye movements during REM tend to fit with what the dreamer is looking at Q: The primary goal of using correlation research is to Group of answer choices: a: describe general pa. Give two reasons why it is important for studies such as Dement and Kleitman to use controls. fBackground. Q. 1 mark partial / brief. The definition of dream was clearly ____ as a recollection that included ____, rather . 30 seconds. Dement, W. & Kleitman, N. (1957) The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: An objective method for the study of dreaming. Whether Dream recall is affected during, REM (Rapid Eye movement) sleep stage, and the nREM sleep stage. Mark awarded = 1 out of 1 . measures brain activity and eye movement. This device (an EEG machine) detects and records minuscule electrical charges associated with nerve and muscle activity. Traductions en contexte de "mises en uvre aux tats-Unis" en franais-anglais avec Reverso Context : Nous voyons clairement les effets positifs de nos premires actions stratgiques mises en uvre aux tats-Unis en termes d'organisation logistique et d'expansion du rseau d'agences. From the study by Dement and Kleitman on sleep and dreaming: (a) Identify two features of REM sleep. The results tell us that: REM occurs later in the sleep cycle, in stage 5 (2). 1 , 9990/12 Cambridge International AS & A Level - Mark Scheme , PUBLISHED, May/June 2021, UCLES 2021 Page 7 of 10 , Question Answer Marks , Hypothesis 2) There is a significant positive correlation between the estimate of time spent dreaming and the measurement of REM sleep. Is there a relationship between a dream, time and the time of REM state of sleep. 2 marks detailed conclusion. Asked to say into recorder if they were dreaming, if so describe the dream, then an estimation of if they were dreaming for 5 or 15 minutes. From the study on sleep and dreaming by Dement and Kleitman, outline one way in which the study is low in ecological validity. and the range was 3 - 50 mins. Dement and Kleitman Made with the strength to succeed. more_vertical. Sometimes questioned subjects were inside the room. 1. In the study on sleep and dreaming, Dement and Kleitman . Aim: Study of how rapid eye movement (REM) sleep relates to subjective experience of dreaming. Outline one finding of the relationship between sleep and dreaming. 2 Identify which one of the following statements is not true of Dement and Kleitman's observations of REM sleep. Pest Control Plumbing Policing Wastewater Welding Law; Australian Law Bankruptcy Bar Exam Business Law California Bar Exam CIPP Exam Civil Procedure Dement and Kleitman (1957) is a classic study which explored sleep and dreaming using electronic recording as well as observation and diary methods.
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