But if we have stucco work done they can stucco over the edges of the TPO so it wont be seen from street level. If so, watch this video to see how CentiMark roofing contractors install a TPO Roof Drain System.Roof drains are needed to eliminate excess water and are installed to help keep water off of your rooftop. See how a commercial roof gets measured thoroughly and safely, as GAF Senior Commercial Training Specialists Dave Scott and Wally Brown (Dave & Wally) gather the numbers they need to reroof 20-year old PVC membrane roof. Yes definitely. "width": "234" There are very few applications where ballast is really needed. We then install TPO roofing underlayment comprising a vapor barrier, layers of insulation, a roof taper system (optional) and roof board. May I add that they laid it over existing 3/4plywood only. I also got ahome inspector to submit a report , which stated all violations. Best way to lift roof-top AC and pretty much the only proper way, is with a CRANE. Thank you very much for the useful information. {"@type": "WebPage","name":"Results from the Largest Ever Independent TPO Study","url":"https://www.gaf.com/en-us/proven-performance"}, "availability":"https://schema.org/InStock", "telephone": "(509) 838-8633", The most critical part with TPO is good seam welds. Automated, hot-air welders join the sheets of TPO membrane together, greatly lowering labor costs while maintaining quality. Products }, "streetAddress": "23403 E Mission Ave Ste 205", "latitude":"47.6718946", TPOs seams are 3-4 times stronger than EPDMs adhesive and tape seams. Innovation "address": { "width": "234" Im the Buyers agent on a home with a partial TPO roof in Kansas. }, "url": "https://www.spokaneroofing.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/spokane-roofing-logo-234x60.png", Project variables include membrane thickness (60 mils to 80 mils), backing (standard and fleece-back reinforced) and application method. Also, what about water drainage under the decking? I am a roofer (it may sound strange) and I like the fact that people are giving so useful advises. The one-piece seamless drain manufactured from 0.125'' 11-gauge spun aluminum. It includes investing in our people, our planet and our business so we can work toward a more sustainable future. After our wind storm tree falling on the house, we need to repair or replace the roof, mostly due to 10-12 puncture from the brances. I am getting mixed answers so please share your thoughts. {"@type": "Corporation","name":"Carlisle","sameAs":"https://www.carlislesyntec.com/"}, Keep up the great work guys. You consent to those contractors calling and texting the phone number provided to discuss roofing products and services. "@type": "Article", Also not using drip edge metal shows that your installer is cheap (insert expletive of choice here). "name": "Spokane, WA DMA" Streaks were also on the outside of gutters and over the drip edge. Im having a new TPO roof installed and it will be an overlay. "alternativeHeadline": "TPO 101", Ive got a torchdown granulated roof system on the flat roof of my 11 year old row home. Come as you are. {"@type": "PeopleAudience","audienceType": "General Contractor","sameAs": "https://www.nwagc.org/"} "width": "234" Bottle jack will make a hole in your roof almost guaranteed. LVT Flooring The Source - Insulation Intel, Mechanical Insulation }, Spokane Roofing Company23403 E Mission Ave Ste 205Liberty Lake, WA 99019 USATel:(509) 838-8633Hours:Mo-Fr 7:00 AM 4:00 PMEmail:info@spokaneroofing.com, Serving Spokane Since 1907Map and Directions, Spokane Roofing CompanyPO Box 3648Spokane, WA 99220 USA. I know this is what you want to avoid but its either removing EPDM completely or screwing in 1/2 fiber. For Our Suppliers, Specification & Design Assistance Request, Specs, Flashing Details & Assembly Plates, Specification and Design Assistance Request, Specs, Flashing Details and Assembly Plates, TPO Roofing Design and Installation Considerations, 2x4 Ft. EnergyGuard Tapered Insulation offers high thermal efficiency while addressing ponding water by employing lightweight, easy-to-cut panels that are available in a variety of slopes and compatible with a variety of roof systems. The TPO single-ply membrane roofing and prefabricated accessories go on last. Then they sub out two more contractors to only fix the leaks. Industrial Mineral Wool Perfect! If anything happens to gutters there go the tpo. You may want to have at least 1/8 thick strips can double up your material. Can a strip of TPO be welded or adhesive bonded on top of the screws holding the drip edge down to seal the top surface of the roof? So my recommendation either buy some scrap roll of TPO from a roofing supplier so you could weld patches, or find a local roofer that installs TPO and buy as scrap piece from them. Of course you do. For more information on how we use Cookies, please read ourPrivacy Policy. The seller taped the TPO seams then coated it with Gaco. "address": { I am building a new home in VA and my architect (who is in WA) has specd an 80 mil fully adhered TPO over tapered insulation with ballast on top for our flat roofs. Specialty Nonwovens I have data for only one company that does TPO in NM they are in Las Cruses. People often dont even remove gravel just put insulation over it, which is acceptable. ], Thanks. "text": "Roofer Installs TPO Roofing Around A Pipe Support Using A Hand-Held, Hot Air Welder TPO Roofing Building Owner's Guide (TPO 101) Thermoplastic polyolefin or TPO is a single-ply membrane roofing system that has become the industry standard for commercial flat roofs since its development in the early 1990s. Roof Insulation Fastener Placement, JM TPO RhinoPlate Fastening System 6-10-15, JM TPO RhinoPlate Fastening System 8-15-20, T-RSPR-1 RhinoPlate Fastened TPO Membrane to Purlins, T-RSPR-2 RhinoPlate Fastened TPO Membrane - Edge Flashings Gravel Stop, T-RSPR-3 RhinoPlate Fastened TPO Membrane - Edge Flashings Gutter, TM-12 Full Mechanically Fastened JM TPO (12" o.c. The Source - Insulation Intel, OEM Insulation "addressLocality": "Liberty Lake", The best architects understand every facet of a project, including the roofing system. Perlite My roofer that inspected it for me said that TPO is mandated (I didnt know if the heat welding was necessary) to be heat welded and the roof was not installed that way. A mechanically attached system uses TPO screws rather than glue, reducing the weight load, avoiding the high cost of bonding adhesive and labor, and providing a perimeter frame which prevents wind from uplifting the roof system. "about": [ What Goes Under a TPO Roof? "foundingDate":"1907", The TPO single-ply membrane roofing and prefabricated accessories go on last. It even got to the ceo of their company and he lied about making things right. "description": "TPO single-ply membrane roofing system has become the industry standard for commercial flat roofs since its development in the early 1990s. "mentions": [ I am a TPO installer. }, Tear off roof application: 60 mil TPO, fully adhered, 2 way tapered system with crickets. You cannot put furniture on TPO its not made for that. You can repair as many holes as you need / want, and it should not affect your roof performance or integrity (assuming patches are welded in correctly, surface properly cleaned before patching, etc). Accessories Really anything can and will work as long as its not asphalt-based. One contractor is proposing to install 1 to 1 1/2 insulation on top of existing roof screwing it down with plates and then lay TPO membrane on top. EnergyGuard Tapered panels are available in both standard and extended panel profiles, 20 and 25 psi, and in a variety of slopes for low slope roofs. Renting a crane for 3 hours (with driver/operator) should cost no more than $150/hr (in many areas $100/hr) for 3 hours minimum. Hot-air welding of the seams was identified as the practice where most significant mistakes were being made by contractors. {"@type": "PeopleAudience","audienceType": ["Building Owners","Property Managers","Corporate Facility Managers"],"sameAs": "https://www.bomaspokane.org/"}, Includes Heavy Duty ABS Dome Strainer, Stainless Steel Clamping Ring, and two O-Rings to prevent back-flow. Wouldnt that rip or cause tearing in the TPO membrane? I got all the proof in emails and the contractors and inspector willing to testify. Best of luck let me know how you made out. Incorporates U-Flow, Commercial Recommended GAF Certified Roofing Companies Near You. Good luck, and let us know what the manufacturer says about this situation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Estimated 1500 s.f. See costs in your area *, 2 Ply TPO Hybrid Bonded to Insulation Assembly Plate, 2 Ply TPO Hybrid Including Nailed Base Sheet Assembly Plate, 3 Ply TPO Hybrid Bonded to Insulation Assembly Plate, 3 Ply TPO Hybrid Including Nailed Base Sheet Assembly Plate, 4 Ply TPO Hybrid Including Nailed Base Sheet Assembly Plate, 4 Ply TPO Hybrid Bonded to Insulation Assembly Plate, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________, JM TPO Application Guide (Section 2 Only) - Espaol, JM SP Liquid Flashing Installation Guide -Espaol, JM All Season Sprayable Bonding Adhesive Installation Guide, Insulation and Cover Board Selector Guide, Insulation and Cover Board Selector Guide -Espaol, Insulation Inspecting a Commercial Roof: Is It Time for a Repair or Replacement? Find a GAF certified contractor near you. For a commercial roofing contractor, it is critical that architectural designers perform a core cut on the old roof. TPO membranes are typically wider and lighter than other roofing materials, making them easier to install and resulting in further savings for building owners. Ive decided to go TPO as Ive read good things about this system and think it will provide the longevity that Im looking for. If it is your own building 60 mil is sufficient. There are options for you though like IB DeckShield or DuraDeck (both PVC). }, {"@type": "Corporation","name":"GAF","url":"https://www.gaf.com/en-us/roofing-products/commercial-roofing-products"}, Typically some sort of square / round flashing is used to waterproof railing penetrations, but its best to see the elevation changes where these guardrails are. roof with them would be roughly $8700. For proper installation, there should be no welder drag. TPO project costs will vary depending on your scope of work and average from $5 to $10 per square foot. Bob. Roof drains are designed so that excess water runs through the drain instead of pooling on the roof's surface where if left sitting, can cause . We do not install many ballasted roofs, but we take a lot of them off! As with any new product, there were a few manufacturing bumps in the beginning. "hasMap":"https://goo.gl/maps/YheXSWeEFtHGeczHA", Metal Jacketing and Fittings Roof drains are needed to eliminate excess water and are installed to help keep water off of your rooftop. DensDeck is super rigid board. Quickly and easily share our web pages branded with your logo and contact information. This issue has been particularly prominent in the Southern states, that get both a lot of sun and heat year round. I just got my independent contractors liscense and have been installing tpo and PVC rubber roofs and was searching the net for more information on these products as it seems not a lot of people are too familiar with them or know much about it,so any info is truly appreciated thankyou, I recently had my roof done and I went from standard roof to a to type The contractor who installed it did not replace the rotted plywood nor did he use any type of insulation. If you will be placing a deck on top of your TPO roof, you also should install 1/2 DensDeck or something similar. }, "streetAddress": "23403 E Mission Ave Ste 205", "url": "https://www.spokaneroofing.com/" North America Were there gutters before you had your roof replaced? "name": "CALL FOR A FREE PRICE QUOTE (509) 838-8633", By checking this box and clicking Submit I accept the following terms and conditions. Automated, hot-air welders join the sheets of TPO membrane together, greatly lowering labor costs while maintaining quality. You can walk on TPO to get something done or fixed, but not as a regular thing. JMextraMile There was no additional flashing included to move water from the eave (no gutters). "audience": [ Check out Part 3 of the Roofing it Right miniseries on installing a commercial roof, from start to finish.Watch the full Roof Project from Start to Finish miniseries. Spokane Roofing Company helps building owners and architects alike to understand the roofing components that best fit their projects' needs. System Options Mechanically Fastened The most widely installed system in commercial roofing, mechanically-fastened assemblies are perfect for areas with moderate winds. "addressLocality": "Liberty Lake", Project variables include membrane thickness (60 mils to 80 mils), backing (standard and fleece-back reinforced) and application method. Stucco house, flat roof. ], History Heritage }, The TPO single-ply membrane roofing and prefabricated accessories go on last. Optionally, you can slice the rubber (make many cuts to allow moisture to pass through) and then screw in 1/2 OF FIBER INSULATION, and glue TPO on top. "description": "Call for a free price quote", Here you will find all of the TPO specifications, 3-part specs, details and installation guides. BURSI Continuing Education Program, Resources A Berkshire Hathaway Company, California Transparency in Supply Chains Act, T-FW-M1 TPO Base & Wall Flashing with Coping Master Detail, T-FW-M1I TPO Base & Wall Flashing with Coping Isometric View Master Detail, T-FW-M2I Highwall Flashing with Metal Backing Strip Isometric View Master Detail, T-FW-M3I TPO Self Adhered Base & Wall Flashing with Coping Isometric View, T-FW-M4I TPO Base and Wall Flashing with Coping ISO View, T-FW-M5I TPO RhinoBond Wall Flashing ISOmetric View, T-FW-M6I TPO Rhinobond Wall Flashing ISO Metric View, T-FW-M7I TPO Base and Wall Flashing 10 FT Max with Coping, T-FW-B1 Base Flashing with Horizontal Reinforced Termination Strip - RTS, T-FW-B2 Base Flashing with Vertical Reinforced Termination Strip - RTS, T-FW-B4 Base Tie-In Fastener & Plate on Wall, T-FW-B5 Membrane Flashing Base Tie-In - High Internal Pressure, T-FW-B7 Base Tie-in Knee Wall Brace 2/12 Slope, T-FW-B8 Base Tie-In (Loose Hung Flashing), T-FW-B9 TPO Self Adhered Base Tie-In (Fastener & Plate), T-FW-B10 TPO Self Adhered Base Tie-In (Fastener & Plate) On Wall, T-FW-B11 TPO Self Adhered Membrane Flashing Base Tie-In (High Internal Pressure), T-FW-B12 TPO Self Adhered Base Tie-In (Fastener & Plate) with TPO Cover Strip, T-FW-B13 Base Tie-In Fleece Backed TPO in RSUA, T-FW-B13I TPO Fleece backed in RSUA Base and Wall Flashing, T-FW-B14 Base Tie-In Fleece Backed TPO in Two Part UIA Spatter, T-FW-B14I TPO Fleece Backed Base and Wall in Two Part UIA Spatter, T-FW-B15 TPO Base Flashing with Cant Strip, T-FW-B16 TPO Coated Metal Base Tie-In with Break, T-FW-B17 Spliced TPO Coated Metal Base Tie-In with Break, T-FW-B18 TPO Coated Metal Right Angle Base Tie-In, T-FW-B19 Spliced TPO Coated Metal Right Angle Base Tie-In, T-FW-I1 TPO Intermediate Membrane Attachment with Fastener & Plate, T-FW-I2 TPO Cover Strip Wall Flashing Attachment with Fastener & Plate, T-FW-I3 TPO Intermediate Attachment with Termination Bar, T-FW-I4 Termination Bar Attachment With Welded TPO Cover Strip, T-FW-I5 Continuous Flashing Attachment- Termination Bar, T-FW-I6 Split Flashing Attachment Termination Bar, T-FW-I7 TPO Intermediate Termination with Counterflashing & Cut-In Reglet, T-FW-I8 TPO Intermediate Termination with Surface Mounted Counterflashing, T-FW-I9 TPO Intermediate Terminationwith Through-Wall Counterflashing, T-FW-I10 TPO Intermediate Termination with Termination Bar, T-FW-I11 TPO Intermediate Termination Below Wall Cladding, T-FW-I12 TPO Intermediate Membrane Attachment w/Termination Bar, T-FW-I13 TPO Intermediate Termination (Loose Hung Flashing), T-FW- T1 Fabricated Metal Coping Over Adhered TPO, T-FW- T2 Presto Lock Coping System Over TPO, T-FW- T3 Presto-Tite Fascia System On Sloped Parapet, T-FW- T4 Perma-Tite Continuous Cleat Coping System Over TPO, T-FW- T5 Top of Wall Termination with Stone Coping, T-MS-02 In-Lap Fastening Method-Steel Deck, T-MS-03 In-Lap Fastening Method-Plywood Deck, T-MS-04 In-Lap Fastening Method-Concrete Deck, T-MS-05 In-Lap Fastening Method-Wood Plank Deck, T-MS-06 Continuous Strip Fastening Method, T-MS-08 TPO Fleece Backed Adhesive Applied Membrane Butted End Lap, T-MS-11 TPO Self Adhered Membrane Butted End Lap, T-MS-13 Headlap Over Field Seam with T-Joint Patch, T-FC-01 Prefabricated Metal Curb Base Flashing, T-FC-06 TPO Flashing Wall with Term Bar and Corner Coping, T-FC-07 Membrane Attachment Outside Corner, T-FC-08 Membrane Attachment Inside Corner, T-FC-09 Outside Corner with TPO Coated Metal with Break, T-FC-10 Outside Corner with TPO Coated Metal, T-FC-11 Inside Corner with TPO Coated Metal with Break, T-FC-12 Inside Corner with TPO Coated Metal, T-FC-13 RTU Curb Flashing with Metal Counter Flashing, T-FC-14 RTU Curb Flashing with Substrate Mounted Flange, T-PT-05 TPO Walkpads Over Adhered TPO Membrane, T-PT-06 TPO Walkpad Fleece Backed System Fully Adhered, T-PT-07 TPO Walkpad Over Mechanically Fastened TPO Membrane, T-PT-11 JM Single Ply Safety Strip Over TPO Membrane, T-FE-C1 Metal Drip Edge with TPO Cover Tape, T-FE-C3 Gutter & Metal Edge with TPO Cover Tape, T-FE-CM2 Drip Edge-TPO Coated Metal Adhered Membrane Only, T-FE-CM4 Gravel Stop-TPO Coated Metal Adhered Membrane Only, T-FE-CM6 Butt Joint At Edge-TPO Coated Metal, T-FE-P2 JM Presto-Tite Fascia System For Single Ply Systems, T-FE-P5 JM Metal Drip Edge With TPO Cover Tape, T-FE-P6 JM Gravel Stop With TPO Cover Tape, T-FE-V3 RhinoPlate-Standing Seam Retro-Fit Purlin Attachment, T-FE-V4 RhinoPlate-Standing Seam Retro-Fit Gravel Stop, T-FE-V5 RhinoPlate-Standing Seam Retro-Fit Gutter, T-DV-04 Primary Scupper With Tapered Insulation Sump, T-DV-05 Low-Wall Primary Scupper Flashing, T-DV-07 Primary Drain Sump-Low Slope-Up To 3:12 Slope, T-DV-08 Primary Drain Sump-Steep Slope-Greater Than 3:12 Slope, T-DV-09 Primary Drain Sump-Fleece Backed Membrane, T-DV-09I TPO Fleece Backed Adhesive Applied Primary Drain In Sump, T-DV-11 Primary Drain Sump-Mechanically Fastened Membrane, T-DV-15 Overflow Roof Drain with Water Dam, T-DV-16 Primary Roof Drain Insert 6:12 Slope, T-FP-02 JM TPO 2 Piece Penetration Pocket, T-FP-03 TPO-Coated Metal Penetration Pocket, T-FP-06 TPO Split Pipe Boot-Square-Clamped, T-FP-07 Field Fabricated Pipe Penetration, T-FP-09 Multi-Pipe with TPO Coated Metal Penetration Pocket, T-FP-10 Multi-Pipe with Fabricated Metal Penetration Pocket, T-TI-01 Transition For Staged Roofing With TPO Coated Metal, T-TI-02 Transition To Shingle Roof With TPO Coated Metal, T-EJ-03 Expand-O-Flash Roof To Roof Expansion Joint Cover-Style EJ, T-EJ-04 Expand-O-Flash Roof To Wall-Style EJ, T-EJ-05 Expand-O-Flash Curb To Curb Expansion Joint Cover-Style CF, T-EJ-06 Expand-O-Flash Curb To Wall Expansion Joint Cover-Style CF/EJ, T-EJ-07 Expand-O-Flash Curb to Wall (Style TPO EJ-WC), T-EJ-08 Expand-O-Flash Curb to Curb (Style PVC EJ-WC), T-EJ-09 Expand-O-Flash Curb to Wall Expansion Joint Cover-Style CF/EJ, T-EJ-10 Expand-O-Flash Curb Expansion Joint Cover, T-FW-B9 TPO SELF ADHERED BASE TIE IN (FASTENER & PLATE), T-FW-B10 TPO SELF ADHERED BASE TIE IN (FASTENER & PLATE) ON WALL, T-FW-B11 TPO SELF ADHERED MEMBRANE FLASHING BASE TIE IN (HIGH INTERNAL PRESSURE), T-FW-B12 TPO SELF ADHERED BASE TIE IN (FASTENER & PLATE) WITH TPO COVER STRIP, T-FW-M3I SELF ADHERED TPO BASE & WALL FLASHING WITH COPING ISO VIEW, T-FW-M8I TPO SELF ADHERED CONTINUOUS WALL FLASHING, T-MS-11 TPO SELF ADHERED MEMBRANE BUTTED END LAP, TH-FW-B2 Base Tie In (Fastener & Plate) with Cant, TH-FW-B3 Base Tie In (Fastener & Plate) On Wall, TH-FW-M1 TPO Hybrid Base & Wall Flashing with Coping, TH-FW-M1I TPO Hybrid Base & Wall Flashing with Coping Isometric View, TH-FW-M2I Highwall Flashing with Metal Backing Strip Isometric View, TH-MS-01 TPO Fleece Backed Membrane Butted End Lap, TH-FC-01 Prefabricated Metal Curb Base Flashing with Cant, TH-FC-02 Prefabricated Metal Curb Base Flashing, TH-FE-P1 JM Presto-TIte Edge One Fascia System, VB-1 (ALT) JM Vapor Barrier SA - Wall Base Detail - Alt, VB-1 JM Vapor Barrier SA - Wall Base Detail, VB-2 JM Vapor Barrier SA - Pipe Penetration Detail, VB-4 JM Vapor Barrier SA - Detail at Field Laps, VB-5 JM Vapor Barrier SA - Outside Curb Detail, VB-6 JM Vapor Barrier SA - Inside Curb Detail, VB-1 (ALT) JM Vapor Barrier SAR - Wall Base, VB-2 JMVapor Barrier SAR - Pipe Penetration. The drip edge would have to be affixed to the roof by puncturing through the TPO. "offeredBy": { These holes are 2 inches across or less. Available for 2", 3", and 4" existing pipe sizes. Membrane widths range from 4 to 20 feet, in rolls up to 100 feet long. So they recently decided to refund my first payment and dont want to redo my roof or pay for all of the damages from their roof installation. Your patio furniture should not have sharp edges feet must have plastic caps. "@type": "PostalAddress", Since you have roof slope, I assume decking will run perpendicular to slope. I would love some guidance. "addressRegion": "WA", Also, it is really important to do test welds whenever the machine is restarted. I just looked at one that was not glued down. Nice blog post! Will this cause moisture or condensation between the layers with no where to go under it. Restore masters. ","text":"What goes under a TPO roof? Spokane Roofing Company began transitioning to TPO about 20 years ago from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), a synthetic rubber membrane which had replaced hot-tar roofing materials. Thank you for taking the time to share this. There are numerous competent, roofing materials manufacturers, including Johns Manville and Carlisle, but we typically use GAF and Firestone Building Products. JM Peak Advantage Contractor Program Is that normal or should they completely remove the tar and gravel roof? Core Values TremPly TPO Drains are constructed from spun aluminum and preflashed using TremPly 55 mil detailing membrane. {"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.spokaneroofing.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/src-roofer-installs-tpo-roofing-1x1.jpg","height":"1200","width":"1200"}, I will not comment on the separation layer between ballast and TPO, as I already said ballast is stupid. If you have any questions when it comes to installation, please contact our Specifier Services Group for design and your local technical representative for the field. Your request has been submitted. See how this product can help you meet your environmental goals. Roofers are finishing up, and the TPO goes over the top of the parapets and hangs down a bit. Structural Thermoplastics The use of TPO prefabricated accessories ensures uniform installation around roof structures and penetrations, at much lower costs than field fabrication. Thoughts please!! Codes Corner Come as you are. Your roofer is trying to get an easy job out of you this integrity thing is a bunch of bull. This blog contains information created by a variety of sources, including internal and third party writers. All Rights Reserved. The ballast is for aesthetic reasons because we can see the TPO roof from multiple locations on the upper floor. Our plan is to vacuum off the loose gravel, install a 1 ISO or maybe densdeck then TPO. TPO-Clad metal allows easy installation by heat welding. Peak Advantage Contractor Portal Login I have 45 yr old GUTTERS . This method is also suitable for unusual roof configurations. Someone said you can use bottle Jacks? It would actually be fairly simple to do the only issues would be antennas / AC roof-top units. "@type": "RoofingContractor", To avoid this, it is best to fold back the membrane for applying adhesives or fasteners.
Where To Buy Izipizi Reading Glasses, Stethoscope Silicone Beads, Autozone Power Steering Fluid Specs, Zoo Med Repti Calcium With D3 Reptile Supplement, 3m Anti Static Electronic Equipment Cleaner, Women's Socks For Wide Calf, Where To Buy Calcium Chloride For Concrete,