PLEASE NOTE: we may not be able to process your enquiry without a valid mobile number. Surgery on the perineum can also help to restore the shape of the vagina to its pre-pregnancy condition or to repair damage caused by traumatic injury. Doctors Explain Whyand How to Avoid a Bad Outcome, Why 3 Women Got Vaginal Rejuvenation Procedures Post-Breakup, All the Treatments Bravos The Real Housewives Have Gotten in 2019 (And What Some Want to Try in 2020). Other muscles detached from their perineal attachments, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (, To determine whether or not women truly seek labiaplasty solely to have "more socially acceptable genitalia" the International Society for the Study of Womens Sexual Health (ISSWSH) considered the practices of elective plastic surgery of the vulva and of FGC (female genital cutting) in the, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 00:42. It is recommended that any strenuous activity such a bicycling, horseback riding, heavy lifting, or stretching be avoided during this time as well. The first appointment will occur one week following the procedure . Signs of needing a perineoplasty include: Do you experience these symptoms? 100 Stone Forest Drive, Suite 200 Downloadour FREE Cosmetic GYN eBook. "About Cosmetic Gynecology Surgery, skin and tissues that have been removed can rarely be replace!". Female genital cosmetic and plastic surgery: a review. I didnt choose my surgeon it was just done at random but Im glad I had him anyways because I am SO SO SO happy with my results. In addition, during the postoperative period the following is recommended: In addition, one should be aware of any symptoms that may arise, such as heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever or a bad-smelling discharge, for example, which may be symptoms of an infection. When you are conscious, Dr. Vitasna will allow you to continue being monitored in the In-patient Building. By addressing vaginal looseness, it can also improve sexual sensation for you and your partner. The perineum is a region of tissue that lies between the vagina and the anus. From the moment I made contact and enquired about the procedures offered, all the way through to my post-operative aftercare, I have been blown away by the levels of customer service and empathy shown to me on my journey.At 62 years of age, some might question whether I was a bit old for a mummy makeover wanting both a bi-lateral breast reduction and an abdominoplasty. When performing this procedure, the pubococcygeal muscles are sutured back on the midline. What is a posterior repair/perineal body repair? Normal activities may be resumed in four weeks. Full recovery can take up to three months. Rouzier, R. et al. Perineoplasty is a type of designer vagina surgery. 2.10.2019; Who should have the surgery; How is recovery; What are the risks; Perineoplasty is used in some women after childbirth to strengthen the pelvic muscles when other forms of treatment are unsuccessful, especially in cases of urinary incontinence. Vaginal deliveries stretch the opening to your vagina to allow for your baby to come out. Always consult a physician regarding your specific condition. Appointments 216.444.6601. W1U 6RN, Receive exclusive discounts and offers on our award-winning cosmetic treatments . 1. During the first few days after the procedure, it is normal to feel localised discomfort and a feeling of swelling and burning in the surgical area. Vaginoplasty can mean a lot of different things, but in general, it's a procedure to construct or repair the vagina. Surgeons fix your vaginal opening by removing access or damaged skin and repairing the muscular tissue that supports it. Patients should ideally be non-smokers or be willing to completely give up before having the operation at least four weeks beforehand. This can cause reaction to the surgical wound and sutures. The perineum is the area that is often damaged when tears or episiotomies occur during childbirth. For a general anaesthetic, you will need to fast for six hours for food and two hours for clear fluids only. The surgeon will first inject a local anaesthetic into and around the perineum before removing excess skin and repairing the deeper muscles. We look forward to meeting with you and helping you look your very best. This has enormous benefits on peoples mental health and improves their quality of life. These symptoms are often associated with relaxation of the back vaginal wall which causes: Since the damage of childbirth or trauma affects the inside as well as the opening, many women elect to get a vaginal rejuvenation along with a perineoplasty. Please just ask Centre for Surgery/Mr Erel to arrange. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open. In most cases, recovery is quick and the person can return to work a few days later, however, bleeding can occur, which is normal, and an absorbent must be used for this. It may regain its shape again during the day for a while, but eventually, after several years, the indentations and depressions become permanent. Any existing scar tissue will be removed. Evaluation of the surgical treatment of vulvar vestibulitis. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. Eur J Obs Gyn Reprod Biol. The encouragement helped tremendously and in January 2022, I had my first surgery. It is normal to get a discharge for 4 to 6 weeks after surgery. There may be some dizziness or nausea for a day or two as a result of the anesthesia, but this should disappear after forty-eight hours. Pain and discomfort is usually minimal to moderate and can be treated with over the counter pain medication, or a prescription supplied by the doctor. The surgery itself is done under either general or local anesthesia with IV sedation. A perineoplasty procedure repairs damage to the perineum and damage to the vulva that a woman might experience as a result of: Clinically, the woman reports a feeling of physical looseness in her vulvo-vaginal area, which might be associated with decreased sexual satisfaction when compared to the degree of her sexual satisfaction before the incidence of the perineal damage. We offer different payment options. Childbirth, weight loss, trauma and other factors can damage this area and cause the skin around your vaginal opening to become loose and overstretched. Vaginal atrophy, also known as atrophic vaginitis, is a condition that frequently occurs alongside menopause. Overview What is perineoplasty? While every effort is made to prevent this from happening, it is sometimes unavoidable. Steer clear of irritating chemicals or heavily scented soaps as you heal. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Perineoplasty is used in some women after childbirth to strengthen the pelvic muscles when other forms of treatment are unsuccessful, especially in cases of urinary incontinence. Recovery varies individually. We agreed that I would have the breast reduction first, followed by the tummy-tuck 4 to 6 months after that. A slim sanitary napkin should be used to monitor the post-operative bleeding. The perineum is the area of tis. 770.720.7733 Goodman MP, Bachmann G, Johnson C, Fourcroyo JL, Goldstein A, Goldstein G, Sklar S. Is Elective Vulvar Plastic Surgery ever Warranted and What Screening Should be Done Preoperatively? The pack acts like a compression bandage to reduce vaginal bleeding and bruising after surgery. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2007;4:269276, Last edited on 22 December 2022, at 00:42, "Cystoceles, Urethroceles, Enteroceles, and Rectoceles - Gynecology and Obstetrics - Merck Manuals Professional Edition", "Vaginal "Rejuvenation" and Cosmetic Vaginal Procedures", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perineoplasty&oldid=1128788447. Perineorrhaphy helps with vaginal looseness that can occur with recurrent prolapse, child birth or naturally over time. A perineoplasty is usually performed during a vaginoplasty. For women who experience itching caused by the dissolving sutures and the process of healing, Dr. Vitasna prescribes antihistamine to control the itching. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5425643/). Many surgeons use stitches that dissolve on their own within the first week or two. It is done to pull up the tissues and move the organs back into place. The cost of the perineoplasty is determined during your consult, which includes a physical exam by Dr. Hailparn. Using a laser or scalpel, your surgeon will make a V-shaped incision in the vaginal mucosa on the back of the vaginal wall, cutting from the vaginal entryway (introitus) through to the perineum, just above the anal opening. Woodruff, JD et al. Photos, Cost, Reviews A perineoplasty (aka perineal repair) is a surgical procedure which involves reconstructing the vaginal opening and the perineum for cosmetic and/or medical reasons. "__fbcw_FeedbackCompanyWidget")){var scriptTag=document.createElement("script") This area may need to be repaired along with the back wall of the vagina to give perineal support and in some cases reduce the vaginal opening. Suite 905, Los Angeles, CA 90025. We can help you. You may experience abnormal vaginal discharge, a green-yellowish discharge after the Perineoplasty/Perinealplasty, because the vagina is full of secretion fluid and various kinds of bacteria. Within 2 weeks after the surgery, cleaning the surgical wound at the perineum area after urinary excretion may be done with sanitary wipes, and after fecal excretion done using water and toweling gently. window.FeedbackCompanyWidgets=window.FeedbackCompanyWidgets||{queue:[],loaders:[ Overall, perineoplasty is a very safe procedure when performed by an . Dr. Litrel believes the best patients are At Cherokee Womens Health Specialists, we offer women the most modern, up-to-date solutions to gynecological problems that were formerly considered Have you ever wondered what the difference between vaginoplasty and labiaplasty is but have been to embarrassed to ask? Dr. Ghozland and his team would love to hear from you! Moreover, you should follow Dr. Vitasnas appointment for follow up examination or treatment. This site is a owned and operated by the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA). You may get some blood-stained discharge immediately after surgery or starting about a week after surgery. Its performed for people who've had a childbirth injury, undergone treatments for cancer or have congenital anomalies, and for gender affirmation. Nichols DH, Clarke-Pearson DL. However, a woman doesnt have to have experienced childbirth to suffer from these symptoms; the pressure of excess weight can also over-stretch and damage the structures of the perineum. Relaxing exercises and lifting light weights are permitted. Most health insurances don't cover cosmetic surgeries on your vagina; however, if the surgery treats a medical condition, there are exceptions. Vaginoplasty and Perineoplasty. Women can be assured that perineoplasty does not affect the ability to become pregnant and is not associated with an increased risk of complications during pregnancy. Stretched muscles and tissue can lead to a feeling of looseness in the vagina and may contribute to vaginal flatus and decreased sexual satisfaction. The page you have requested contains nudity. new window.FeedbackCompanyWidgetLoader(options))}, Preventing blood from pooling during menstruation. Perineoplasty has the potential to give women the ability and improve their sexual satisfaction as well as enhance the cosmetic appearance of the vagina. Perineoplasty is a surgical procedure to repair the perineum and external organs of your vagina (vulva). There will be 2 post-procedure follow-up appointments for patients to attend in order to monitor their recovery. Women who need vaginal reconstruction after undergoing radiation or excision of the vagina to treat cancer or other conditions. A pack may be placed into the vagina and a catheter into the bladder at the end of surgery. A gynecologist performs perineoplasties. Perineoplasty (also perineorrhaphy) denotes the plastic surgery procedures used to correct clinical conditions (damage, defect, deformity) of the vagina and the anus. However, it doesn't affect your vaginal canal or the internal part of your vagina. Vaginoplasty is a procedure to construct or repair a vagina. Hence, it is performed to close defects and restore perineal function. Highly recommend this clinic for anyone wanting a friendly, welcoming, professional and non judgmental approach to all your surgical and non surgical needs. Corrects deformities or other imperfections. Am J Obs Gyn 186: 49-52. In other cases, vaginoplasty reconstructs a damaged vagina. Below is a general description of a common repair method. Returns your vagina to its pre-childbirth size. Your care should include follow-up appointments to track your recovery. However, there are women who have not undergone vaginal delivery, but who, for other reasons, may need to resort to this surgery, such as being overweight, for example. During the procedure, your surgeon makes a small V-shaped or diamond incision at your vaginal opening. You can trust RealSelf content to be unbiased and medically accurate. Vaginoplasty is done for many reasons, and the technique varies depending on why youre having the procedure. Cleveland Clinics Ob/Gyn & Womens Health Institute is committed to providing world-class care for women of all ages. CANTON Commonly, posterior vaginal repair surgery may also be combined with other surgery such as vaginal hysterectomy, anterior vaginal wall repair or incontinence surgery. Many women needing a perineoplasty also experience additional symptoms which are listed below. I'm so glad I We recently talked to Abby about her experience with rectocele repair surgery with Dr. Peahen Gandhi of Cherokee Womens Health A loose vagina, painful sex and incontinence are all symptoms that can be corrected with vaginal rejuvenation (VR). You will also receive information about your admission, hospital stay, operation, pre- and post-operative care. Remember constipation also contributes to forming a posterior wall prolapse and it is therefore important to avoid getting constipated. Recovery from a perineoplasty typically takes around the same amount of time as recovery from an episiotomy. Some women find using additional lubricant during intercourse is helpful. Should You Wait Until You are Done Having Kids to Get a Vaginoplasty? The material (s) used is the suture which dissolves slowly (within 6-8 weeks). Most women need the inside of the canal supported as well as the reattachment of the muscles at the opening. The incision should be kept clean and dry. This type of surgery is indicated for women who have had a vaginal delivery and have felt the vagina loose, decreased sensitivity during intimate contact, urinary incontinence or changes in bowel habits. Recovery varies individually. Coming to a Cleveland Clinic location?Hillcrest Cancer Center check-in changesCole Eye entrance closingVisitation and COVID-19 information. Risks associated with the surgery and the recovery process depend on the type of vaginoplasty performed. Complete absorption of the sutures will usually occur within 6-8 weeks. You should take a rest to monitor and reduce pain and inflammation around the surgical wound. During . Thus, this type of surgery is widely used to increase the strength of the pelvic muscles when it is not possible to achieve good results just by performing Kegel exercises. Perineoplasty aims to strengthen and tighten the perineum, narrow your vaginal opening and repair loose, scarred or damaged skin around your vagina. Reducing the opening size of your vagina. Vaginal stenosis (narrowing of the vagina, typically from cancer treatment). A perineoplasty is vaginal surgery to correct a damage, defect, or deformity on the perineum, in between the vagina and anus. The initial perineoplasty recovery period is a few days to a week, depending on whether your procedure was combined with a vaginoplasty. If you have a question about a treatment, or you would like to find out more about how we can help you, call us on 0207 993 4849 or fill in the form below and one of our patient care coordinators will contact you to book a consultation with a specialist practitioner, Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest updates and special offers, To continue, please confirm you have read and understood our Privacy Policy. If the discharge has an offensive odor contact your doctor. Talk with your doctor and insurance provider about whether your case would qualify. Its purpose is to help support your reproductive organs and pelvic floor muscles. Repeated straining or impact (like from horseback riding). The perineal body (the supporting tissue between vaginal andanal openings) also helps to support the back wall of the vagina. You may experience light reddish bleeding out of the vagina in around 1-2 weeks after the surgery. About 50% of women who have symptoms such as incomplete bowel emptying or constipation will have improvement in their symptoms following surgery. Other names for the weakness of the back wall of the vagina include rectocele and enterocele. Lidia the Patient Coordinator allocated to me was great she sent me loads of information to read and arranged a consultation with Mr Ertan Erel, the surgeon.When I met Mr Erel, he immediately made me feel at ease. Within the first 1-2 days after the surgery, you can have movement around. You will be monitored for 1-2 hours at recovery room. Patients are cautioned to refrain from having sex for six weeks. After a brief recovery time, the patient is permitted to go home. Stitches will dissolve by themselves in about two weeks. The weakened fascia is then repaired using absorbable stitches. The procedure may take longer when combined with vaginal tightening surgery or a vaginoplasty. You will be monitored for 1-2 hours at recovery room. Perineorrhaphy (or perineoplasty) This surgical procedure strengthens the muscles that support the vaginal opening. The information on RealSelf is intended for educational purposes only. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Today, however, there are procedures that can virtually restore your body to its pre-pregnancy state. We are considered a centre for excellence for rhinoplasty (nose job), eyelid surgery, facelift, breast augmentation, breast lift, breast reduction, gynecomastia surgery, liposuction, tummy tuck, mummy makeover, Brazilian butt lift (BBL) and labiaplasty. After an in-depth assessment of your symptoms, Drs. ,document.body.appendChild(scriptTag)} If it's performed as medically necessary reconstructive surgery, your health insurance plan may cover part or all of your procedure. Sloppy stitching by a less experienced physician to mend either the natural tearing or planned cut may result in improper healing of the tissue, muscles and perineum. Safety, Efficiency, and Outcomes of Perineoplasty: Treatment of the Sensation of a Wide Vagina. Is Your Vagina Too Loose, Too Tight, or Just Right? Pelvic reconstructive surgery recovery advice. . Transfeminine Bottom Surgery Male to Female. It's also not recommended for those looking to address dyspareunia, or pain during intercourse due to tight vaginal muscles. For most patients, the recovery is routine and they can return to work after several days. It can be performed alone or in conjunction with other . You should wait six weeks before attempting sexual intercourse. These will absorb over 4 weeks to 5 months depending on the type of stitch (suture) material used. It is important to drink lots of water and increase fiber intake during this time to avoid constipation. Common issues resolved by a perineoplasty are: Untoned vaginal tissue (loose vagina) Vaginal itching Damaged perineum (possibly from childbirth) Incontinence Genital warts Painful sex ( dyspareunia) Introital stenosis If you experience a large perineal tear during delivery or need an episiotomy, youre at increased risk for scar tissue or improper healing of your vaginal muscles. Any necessary investigations (for example, blood tests, ECG, chest x-ray) will be organized. Painkillers prescribed to you by your doctor will be able to control any pain symptoms easily. Furnas HJ, Canales FL. [4] Depending upon the vagino-anal condition to be treated, there are two variants of the perineoplasty procedure: the first, to tighten the perineal muscles and the vagina; the second, to loosen the perineal muscles. Laxative will be given to prevent constipation. Patients should avoid having sexual intercourse for six weeks after the procedure to ensure proper healing and minimise the risk of wound breakdown. You will be asked about your general health and medicationthat you are taking. How long does the Perineoplasty Surgery take? International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Finally, the edges of the incision are closed with stitches. We offer women's health services, obstetrics and gynecology throughout Northeast Ohio and beyond. It may also include penile or vaginal reconstruction. This blood is usually quite thin and old, brownish looking and is the result of the body breaking down blood trapped under the skin. (1995) Long-term outcome of perineoplasty for vulvar vestibulitis. The perineoplasty is a technique that corrects the laxity of the perineum that pelvic floor exercises were unable to improve, giving it . Complication rates were low. It treats various medical issues, including vaginal injury due to childbirth and pelvic floor disease complications. You won't feel pain during the procedure, but you may experience discomfort afterward. If you have questions about our services or would like to book an appointment, please free to complete the form below or call 310-393-9359. Trademarks referred to are the property of their respective owners. Perineoplasty can rectify them by opening the stitched area again and re-suturing it correctly, enabling proper healing. Oftentimes, the healing process of these tears leads to uneven scarring and disfiguration of the perineum. About 1 in 10 women require surgery for vaginal prolapse. The procedure is designed to improve the appearance of the vaginal opening so that it appears less gaping. They remove the tissue and repair any underlying muscles before stitching the area closed. Other things that stretch or widen your vaginal opening or cause damage to the perineum are: Yes, perineoplasty helps to tighten the opening to your vagina. It treats various medical issues, including vaginal injury due to childbirth and pelvic floor disease complications. We also provide a full range of non-surgical treatments including Fotona4D, FaceTite, AccuTite, BodyTite, CelluTite & Morpheus8 Skin Tightening. Vaginoplasty and Perineoplasty. In some cases, preoperative testing including blood tests, may be necessary but this will depend on your age and past medical history. Within the first 1-2 days after the surgery, you should not take a shower, which may potentially cause infection. Ten Ways Your Body Changes After Giving Birth. Women who have given birth vaginally and are experiencing vaginal looseness or itching, decreased sexual sensation or changes in bowel habits are the most common candidates for this procedure. You may have abnormal vaginal discharge, a green-yellowish discharge after the surgery, because the vagina is full of secretion fluid and various kinds of bacteria. A stool softener may also help. Many people seek perineoplasty to address loose skin at their vaginal opening. Request an appointment online or call us at 770.721.6060. Complete absorption of the sutures will usually occur within 6-8 weeks. The doctor may prescribe pain relievers to withstand the pain that may manifest in the first days. This number varies by region and surgeon. Published November 24, 2020 Updated June 1, 2023, Consult with a doctor virtually or in person. We offer women's health services, obstetrics and gynecology throughout Northeast Ohio and beyond. A perineoplasty may help. A few days after the surgery, you may experience an urge to pass stool (straining) and a sense of incomplete emptying even after the enema before surgery. Many women choose to undergo a perineoplasty to address damage to the area caused by childbirth, traumatic injury or the natural ageing process. The indications can include detachment of the anal sphincter muscle, and the collapse of her rectum (rectocele). Only performing a perineoplasty and intending to increase female sexual gratification is not true. A vaginoplasty may be done for several reasons. You should be able to drive and be fit enough for light activities such as short walks shortly after surgery. Call us today to book an in-person consultation. Following a perineoplasty, recovery takes six to eight weeks. VOTED Best OB/GYN * Best Surgeons * Top Docs * Mom-Approved OBs and Certified Nurse Midwives in Atlanta. The perineoplasty procedure is performed pain-free environment in Dr. Ghozlands office. The CO2 laser or Ellman Surgitron both provide extremely precise incisions with very little to no thermal damage and good hematology. Most women who have a perineoplasty previously had an episiotomya surgical incision that widens the vaginal opening during childbirth. After a recovery time of about an hour, the patient may return home. . Suite 905 Los Angeles, CA 90025, 11645 Wilshire Blvd. What was truly wonderful for me I was able to go home the same day once Mr Erel and the nurses were happy for me to leave, no stay in hospital where you cant sleep etc. Address : 221/1 D Asoke Tower Sukhumvit 21, Copyright 2011 - 2023www.drvitasna.com, Key Factors of Cosmetic Gynecology Surgery, Pre-Op Care for Cosmetic Gynecology Surgery, Post-Op Care for Cosmetic Gynecology Surgery, Key Factors of Laser Cosmetic Gynecology Surgery, Pre-Op Care for Laser Cosmetic Gynecology Surgery, Post-Op Care for Laser Cosmetic Gynecology Surgery, Post-Operative Care Instructions for Perineoplasty/Perinealplasty. They will also recommend a gentle cleanser, to help reduce the risk of infection. We discussed performing the procedures in a staged format, to allow my body to recover in between surgeries. (1997) Predicting the outcome of surgical treatment of vulvar vestibulitis. It improves sexual satisfaction, restores function and helps narrow your vaginal opening after childbirth or trauma. Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience complications. Our treatment philosophy is based on having the most highly skilled medical practitioners using tried and tested techniques to ensure safe outcomes for all our patients. ]};var options={uuid:"fd98a868-9b78-4e3c-848a-01bbc21ccd62",version:"1.2.1",prefix:""};if( This may leave heavy scarring, pain and discomfort. Severe coagulation disorders may increase the risk of significant bleeding during and after the procedure. Weight loss, Childbirth, trauma and many other factors can damage this area and cause the skin around your vaginal opening to become overstretched and sag. With any operation there is always a risk of complications. A 2016 study reported that perineoplasty has a success rate of 87.9% in tightening a wide vagina, along with a partner satisfaction rate of 92.6% during sexual intercourse after 6 months. Youll also need to avoid exercise that puts pressure on the surgical site. This allows the removal of genital warts and the adjustment of musculature necessary to increase the size of the vagina. Small as it is, the perineum has the important job of being a structural support for several surrounding organs, and it encapsulates muscles that play a large part in vaginal tightening and loosening. If you have additional questions, schedule a consultation online or call us at 210-615-6646. Perineoplasty surgery is designed to improve function and restore tightness to the perineal muscles which are located at the vaginal opening of the vagina and perineal area. However, I was treated so kindly and with such respect that these thoughts were soon left behind. The swelling is already going down and I cant wait to see how I look in a couple of months.I have given Centre for Surgery and Mr Erel permission to show my photographs to anyone considering the procedure(s) and am more than happy to provide more details/chat to anyone about any concerns they have. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://www.cosmeticsurgery.org/page/VaginalRejuvenation), (https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/aesthetic-genital-plastic-surgery/vaginoplasty), (https://www.plasticsurgery.org/reconstructive-procedures/gender-confirmation-surgeries). This plastic surgery procedure can also benefit women with vaginismus (involuntary contraction of the perineal muscles that makes sex painful), a thick hymen, or other congenital conditions. Maximal strength and healing around the repair occurs at 3 months and care with heavy lifting (>10kg/25lbs) needs to be taken until this time. REQUEST A FREE CONSULTATION Youll have to avoid sexual activity for six to eight weeks after your surgery. For any pain, Dr. Hailparn will recommend over-the-counter or prescription medication. Some of the reasons people choose to get perineoplasty are: Childbirth is the leading cause of damage to the perineal area. He walked me through both of the procedures, what to expect and likely outcomes. Is Painful Sex Caused by a Shallow Vagina? Risks after vaginoplasty for childbirth injuries can include: One of the main benefits is relief from gender dysphoria. Youll have some bruising and swelling for up to two weeks, though most discomfort should subside within a week. If the acetaminophen does not work, you will be injected the analgesic for pain relief. The surgeon assesses the patient's nutritional status, blood parameters, the degree and nature of . Your doctor will likely prescribe pain medication to help keep you comfortable. It's done while you're asleep under general anesthesia.
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